महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-5

तेषां रथानामथ पृष्ठगोपा द्वात्रिंशदन्येऽब्यपतन्त पार्थम् ।
तथैव ते संपरिवार्य पार्थं विकृष्य चापानि महारवाणि ।
अवीवृषन्बाणमहौघवृष्ट्या यथा गिरिं तोयधरा जलौघैः ॥५॥

5. teṣāṁ rathānāmatha pṛṣṭhagopā; dvātriṁśadanye'byapatanta pārtham ,
tathaiva te saṁparivārya pārthaṁ; vikṛṣya cāpāni mahāravāṇi ,
avīvṛṣanbāṇamahaughavṛṣṭyā; yathā giriṁ toyadharā jalaughaiḥ.

5. teṣām rathānām atha pṛṣṭhagopāḥ dvātriṃśat anye
abhyapatanta pārtham tathaiva te saṃparivārya
pārtham vikṛṣya cāpāni mahāravāṇi avīvṛṣan
bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭyā yathā girim toyadharāḥ jalaughaiḥ

5. atha teṣām rathānām pṛṣṭhagopāḥ anye dvātriṃśat
pārtham abhyapatanta tathaiva te pārtham saṃparivārya
mahāravāṇi cāpāni vikṛṣya bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭyā
avīvṛṣan yathā toyadharāḥ jalaughaiḥ girim (avīvṛṣan)

5. Then, thirty-two other rear guards of those chariots attacked Arjuna. In the same manner, they surrounded Arjuna, drew their loud bows, and showered him with a great torrent of arrows, just as clouds inundate a mountain with deluges of water.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the previously mentioned (kings') (of them, of those)

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereafter

• पृष्ठगोपाः (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ) - rear guards, those who protect the rear

• द्वात्रिंशत् (dvātriṁśat) - thirty-two

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• अभ्यपतन्त (abhyapatanta) - they attacked, they fell upon

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

• तथैव (tathaiva) - just so, in the same way, similarly

• ते (te) - the thirty-two rear guards (they, those)

• संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

• विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having drawn, having pulled

• चापानि (cāpāni) - bows

• महारवाणि (mahāravāṇi) - loud, producing a great sound (with great sound, roaring loudly)

• अवीवृषन् (avīvṛṣan) - they showered, they rained upon

• बाणमहौघवृष्ट्या (bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭyā) - with a shower of great torrents of arrows

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• गिरिम् (girim) - mountain, hill

• तोयधराः (toyadharāḥ) - clouds (water-bearers)

• जलौघैः (jalaughaiḥ) - with torrents of water, with floods of water

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the previously mentioned (kings') (of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the kings whose chariots are being guarded.

रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereafter

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठगोपाः (pṛṣṭhagopāḥ) - rear guards, those who protect the rear

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛṣṭhagopa

pṛṣṭhagopa - rear guard, one who protects the back

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+gopa)

• pṛṣṭha – back, rear, surface
  noun (neuter)
• gopa – guard, protector, herdsman
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abhyapatanta'.

द्वात्रिंशत् (dvātriṁśat) - thirty-two

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies the 'rear guards'.

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Qualifies the 'rear guards'.

अभ्यपतन्त (abhyapatanta) - they attacked, they fell upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √pat

imperfect active

3rd person plural imperfect active of √pat with prefixes abhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: Object of 'abhyapatanta' (attacked).

तथैव (tathaiva) - just so, in the same way, similarly

(indeclinable)

Compound of tathā (thus) + eva (indeed).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+eva)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• eva – indeed, just, only, precisely
  indeclinable

ते (te) - the thirty-two rear guards (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of 'saṃparivārya', 'vikṛṣya', and 'avīvṛṣan'.

संपरिवार्य (saṁparivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefixes sam- and pari- and the suffix -ya (absolutive).

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: Object of 'saṃparivārya' (surrounded).

विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having drawn, having pulled

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root √kṛṣ (to pull, draw) with prefix vi- and the suffix -ya (absolutive).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

चापानि (cāpāni) - bows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of cāpa

cāpa - bow

Note: Object of 'vikṛṣya' (having drawn).

महारवाणि (mahāravāṇi) - loud, producing a great sound (with great sound, roaring loudly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahārava

mahārava - great roar, loud noise, sounding loudly

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+rava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rava – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'cāpāni' (bows).

अवीवृषन् (avīvṛṣan) - they showered, they rained upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛṣ

imperfect active

3rd person plural imperfect active of √vṛṣ.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

बाणमहौघवृष्ट्या (bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭyā) - with a shower of great torrents of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭi

bāṇamahaughavṛṣṭi - a shower of great floods of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+mahā+ogha+vṛṣṭi)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ogha – flood, torrent, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower, raining
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates the means of showering.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

गिरिम् (girim) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Object of the implied verb 'showered' in the simile.

तोयधराः (toyadharāḥ) - clouds (water-bearers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of toyadhara

toyadhara - cloud (lit. 'water-bearer')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toya+dhara)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, holding, carrying
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √dhṛ (to bear, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'shower'.

जलौघैः (jalaughaiḥ) - with torrents of water, with floods of water

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jalaugha

jalaugha - torrent of water, flood, deluge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+ogha)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the means of showering in the simile.