महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-25

तमापतन्तं महता जवेन शिखण्डिनं भीष्ममभिद्रवन्तम् ।
आवारयामास हि शल्य एनं शस्त्रेण घोरेण सुदुर्जयेन ॥२५॥

25. tamāpatantaṁ mahatā javena; śikhaṇḍinaṁ bhīṣmamabhidravantam ,
āvārayāmāsa hi śalya enaṁ; śastreṇa ghoreṇa sudurjayena.

25. tam āpatantam mahatā javena śikhaṇḍinam bhīṣmam abhidravantam
āvārayāmāsa hi śalyaḥ enam śastreṇa ghoreṇa sudurjayena

25. śalyaḥ hi enam tam śikhaṇḍinam mahatā javena āpatantam
bhīṣmam abhidravantam ghoreṇa sudurjayena śastreṇa āvārayāmāsa

25. Indeed, Shalya obstructed him, Shikhandin, who was approaching with great speed and rushing towards Bhishma, with a terrible, very formidable weapon.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Shikhandin (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

• महता (mahatā) - with great, by great

• जवेन (javena) - with speed, with swiftness

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (name of a warrior)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• अभिद्रवन्तम् (abhidravantam) - rushing towards, attacking

• आवारयामास (āvārayāmāsa) - obstructed, stopped, kept off

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (name of a warrior)

• एनम् (enam) - Shikhandin (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - with a weapon, by a weapon

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

• सुदुर्जयेन (sudurjayena) - very difficult to conquer, very formidable

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Shikhandin (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'āvārayāmāsa'.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling upon, descending

Present Active Participle

From root pat (to fall) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - with great, by great

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive

जवेन (javena) - with speed, with swiftness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity

From root jū (to hasten).

Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Manner of approach.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a name); one having a top-knot or crest

Note: Object of 'āvārayāmāsa'.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name); terrible, formidable

Note: Object of 'abhidravantam'.

अभिद्रवन्तम् (abhidravantam) - rushing towards, attacking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhidravant

abhidravant - rushing towards, attacking, flowing towards

Present Active Participle

From root dru (to run) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

आवारयामास (āvārayāmāsa) - obstructed, stopped, kept off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āvṛ

Perfect Tense (Causative)

3rd person singular perfect active of causative of root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Emphasizes the action.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (a name); dart, arrow, spear

Root: śal (class 1)

एनम् (enam) - Shikhandin (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, often refers to what is nearby or just mentioned.

Note: Refers to Shikhandin, acting as an object of 'āvārayāmāsa'.

शस्त्रेण (śastreṇa) - with a weapon, by a weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, knife

From root śas (to cut).

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Instrument of obstruction.

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, awful

Root: ghṛ (class 3)

सुदुर्जयेन (sudurjayena) - very difficult to conquer, very formidable

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sudurjaya

sudurjaya - very difficult to conquer, unconquerable, formidable, invincible

Gerundive (negated, prefixed)

From su- (good/very) + dur- (difficult) + ji (to conquer) + ya (gerundive suffix).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+durjaya)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• durjaya – difficult to conquer, formidable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root ji with prefix dur-.
  Prefix: dur
  Root: ji (class 1)