महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-81, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
स तुद्यमानस्तु शरैर्धनंजयः पदा हतो नाग इव श्वसन्बली ।
बाणेन बाणेन महारथानां चिच्छेद चापानि रणे प्रसह्य ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
sa tudyamānastu śarairdhanaṁjayaḥ; padā hato nāga iva śvasanbalī ,
bāṇena bāṇena mahārathānāṁ; ciccheda cāpāni raṇe prasahya.

1. saṃjaya uvāca saḥ tudyamānaḥ tu śaraiḥ
dhanañjayaḥ padā hataḥ nāgaḥ iva
śvasan balī bāṇena bāṇena mahārathānām
ciccheda cāpāni raṇe prasahya

1. saṃjaya uvāca tu śaraiḥ tudyamānaḥ
padā hataḥ śvasan balī nāgaḥ iva saḥ
dhanañjayaḥ raṇe bāṇena bāṇena
mahārathānām cāpāni prasahya ciccheda

1. Sanjaya said: But that powerful Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), though being tormented by arrows and breathing heavily like an elephant struck by a powerful blow, forcefully broke the bows of the great charioteers in battle with arrow after arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• तुद्यमानः (tudyamānaḥ) - being tormented (being tormented, being pierced, being afflicted)

• तु (tu) - but, though (but, however, indeed)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth); fire)

• पदा (padā) - by a powerful blow (by foot, by a step, by a blow)

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, killed, wounded)

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• श्वसन् (śvasan) - breathing heavily (breathing, hissing, snorting)

• बली (balī) - powerful (strong, powerful, mighty)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - with arrow (after arrow) (by an arrow)

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - with arrow (after arrow) (by an arrow)

• महारथानाम् (mahārathānām) - of the great charioteers (of the great charioteers, of the great warriors)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he broke (the bows) (he cut, he broke, he severed)

• चापानि (cāpāni) - bows

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully (forcefully, violently, having overcome, by force)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer); victory, conquest

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac- (to speak) in perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तुद्यमानः (tudyamānaḥ) - being tormented (being tormented, being pierced, being afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tud

tud - to torment, prick, pierce

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root tud- (to torment) with passive infix -ya- and middle participle suffix -māna

Root: tud (class 6)

तु (tu) - but, though (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth); fire)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (one of the names for Arjuna); fire; one who conquers wealth

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conquering)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root ji- (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

पदा (padā) - by a powerful blow (by foot, by a step, by a blow)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, mark, blow

हतः (hataḥ) - struck (struck, killed, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, kill, smite

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han- (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - elephant, snake, mountain

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

श्वसन् (śvasan) - breathing heavily (breathing, hissing, snorting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvas

śvas - to breathe, hiss, snort

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śvas- (to breathe) with active participle suffix -at

Root: śvas (class 2)

बली (balī) - powerful (strong, powerful, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

Derived from bala (strength) with suffix -in

बाणेन (bāṇena) - with arrow (after arrow) (by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Repeated for distributive or intensive meaning 'with arrow after arrow'

बाणेन (bāṇena) - with arrow (after arrow) (by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Repeated for distributive or intensive meaning 'with arrow after arrow'

महारथानाम् (mahārathānām) - of the great charioteers (of the great charioteers, of the great warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior (one capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he broke (the bows) (he cut, he broke, he severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of chid

Perfect Active

Root chid- (to cut) in perfect tense with reduplication

Root: chid (class 7)

चापानि (cāpāni) - bows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of cāpa

cāpa - bow

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, conflict

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully (forcefully, violently, having overcome, by force)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root sah- (to bear, overcome) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)