महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-4

महर्षेर्वचनात्तात वेदयन्ति बृहस्पतेः ।
संहतान्योधयेदल्पान्कामं विस्तारयेद्बहून् ॥४॥

4. maharṣervacanāttāta vedayanti bṛhaspateḥ ,
saṁhatānyodhayedalpānkāmaṁ vistārayedbahūn.

4. maharṣeḥ vacanāt tāta vedayanti bṛhaspateḥ
saṃhatān yodhayet alpān kāmam vistārayet bahūn

4. tāta,
maharṣeḥ bṛhaspateḥ vacanāt (te) vedayanti: alpān saṃhatān yodhayet,
kāmam bahūn vistārayet

4. O dear one (tāta), they convey the teachings of the great sage Brihaspati: one should engage in battle with a small and united (enemy force), but one should rather cause a numerous (enemy force) to spread out.

Words meanings summery:

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage, of the seer

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the words, by the statement/teaching

• तात (tāta) - (addressed to Arjuna, a younger person usually by an older person) (dear one, father, son)

• वेदयन्ति (vedayanti) - they teach, they make known, they cause to know

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Brihaspati

• संहतान् (saṁhatān) - (enemies who are) united (united, close-knit, compact)

• योधयेत् (yodhayet) - one should make fight, one should lead to battle, one should engage in battle

• अल्पान् (alpān) - (enemy forces that are) few (few, small (in number), meager)

• कामम् (kāmam) - rather, certainly (willingly, as much as possible, indeed, certainly)

• विस्तारयेत् (vistārayet) - one should spread out, extend, cause to expand

• बहून् (bahūn) - (enemy forces that are) numerous (many, numerous, abundant)

Words meanings and morphology

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage, of the seer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies bṛhaspateḥ

वचनात् (vacanāt) - from the words, by the statement/teaching

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, saying, speech, teaching

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तात (tāta) - (addressed to Arjuna, a younger person usually by an older person) (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment)

वेदयन्ति (vedayanti) - they teach, they make known, they cause to know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

causative present active

root vid (10th class / causative Ṇic, formed from ṇij-pratyaya) + Lat 3rd plural

Root: vid (class 10)

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Brihaspati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati (preceptor of the gods); lord of prayer/devotion

Note: Agrees with maharṣeḥ

संहतान् (saṁhatān) - (enemies who are) united (united, close-knit, compact)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃhata

saṁhata - united, compact, collected; struck together

Past Passive Participle

from sam-han + kta (PPP suffix)

Prefix: sam

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies alpān (implicitly śatrūn - enemies)

योधयेत् (yodhayet) - one should make fight, one should lead to battle, one should engage in battle

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yudh

causative optative active

root yudh (4th class, sometimes 10th or causative) + ṇij + vidhi-liṅ 3rd singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

अल्पान् (alpān) - (enemy forces that are) few (few, small (in number), meager)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

Note: Object of yodhayet

कामम् (kāmam) - rather, certainly (willingly, as much as possible, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

विस्तारयेत् (vistārayet) - one should spread out, extend, cause to expand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vi-stṛ

causative optative active

root stṛ (9th class) + ṇij (causative) + vidhi-liṅ 3rd singular

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 9)

बहून् (bahūn) - (enemy forces that are) numerous (many, numerous, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Object of vistārayet