महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-39

अथ सज्जीयमानेषु सैन्येषु भरतर्षभ ।
निष्प्रभोऽभ्युदियात्सूर्यः सघोषो भूश्चचाल ह ।
व्यशीर्यत सनादा च तदा भरतसत्तम ॥३९॥

39. atha sajjīyamāneṣu sainyeṣu bharatarṣabha ,
niṣprabho'bhyudiyātsūryaḥ saghoṣo bhūścacāla ha ,
vyaśīryata sanādā ca tadā bharatasattama.

39. atha sajjīyamāneṣu sainyeṣu
bharatarṣabha niṣprabhaḥ abhyudiyāt
sūryaḥ saghoṣaḥ bhūḥ cacāla ha
vyaśīryata sanādā ca tadā bharatasattama

39. bharatarṣabha bharatasattama atha
sainyeṣu sajjīyamāneṣu sūryaḥ
niṣprabhaḥ abhyudiyāt bhūḥ saghoṣaḥ ca
ha cacāla tadā sanādā ca vyaśīryata

39. O best of Bharatas, then, as the armies were being arrayed, the sun rose lusterless. The earth indeed quaked with a roar. And then, O best among Bharatas, with a sound, it (the sun's abnormal appearance) seemed to disintegrate.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• सज्जीयमानेषु (sajjīyamāneṣu) - while the armies were being prepared for battle (while being prepared, while being arrayed)

• सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the forces

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address often used for Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata. (O best of Bharatas)

• निष्प्रभः (niṣprabhaḥ) - lusterless, without splendor, dim

• अभ्युदियात् (abhyudiyāt) - the sun rose (it rose (would rise))

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• सघोषः (saghoṣaḥ) - noisy, with a sound

• भूः (bhūḥ) - the earth, ground

• चचाल (cacāla) - shook, trembled

• ह (ha) - An emphatic particle. (indeed, surely)

• व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - it disintegrated, it scattered, it broke apart

• सनादा (sanādā) - with a sound, noisy

• च (ca) - and, also

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - An address often used for Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata. (O best among Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

सज्जीयमानेषु (sajjīyamāneṣu) - while the armies were being prepared for battle (while being prepared, while being arrayed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of sajjīyamāna

sajjīyamāna - being prepared, being made ready

Present Passive Participle

From 'sajjī-kṛ' (to prepare) in the passive voice, present tense, with the suffix '-māna'. Locative plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the forces

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - an army, military forces, host

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address often used for Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (a legendary king), a Bharata warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – a bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

निष्प्रभः (niṣprabhaḥ) - lusterless, without splendor, dim

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣprabha

niṣprabha - devoid of splendor, lusterless, dim

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+prabhā)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• prabhā – light, splendor, luster, brilliance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhā (class 2)

अभ्युदियात् (abhyudiyāt) - the sun rose (it rose (would rise))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of abhyudi

Optative Active

From root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ud'. Optative 3rd person singular, used here for a past event in narrative.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: i (class 2)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun god

सघोषः (saghoṣaḥ) - noisy, with a sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saghoṣa

saghoṣa - with a sound, noisy, resonant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ghoṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'having'.
• ghoṣa – noise, sound, roar, tumult
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

भूः (bhūḥ) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - the earth, ground, place

चचाल (cacāla) - shook, trembled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: cal (class 1)

ह (ha) - An emphatic particle. (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - it disintegrated, it scattered, it broke apart

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, imperfect (laṅ) of vyaśīrya

Imperfect Middle/Passive

From root 'śṝ' (to break, crush) with prefix 'vi', in the passive/middle voice imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: śṝ (class 9)

सनादा (sanādā) - with a sound, noisy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sanāda

sanāda - with a sound, noisy, audible

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+nāda)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'having'.
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - An address often used for Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata. (O best among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix 'tama'.
  Root: sat