महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-19

समुद्योज्य ततः पश्चाद्राजाप्यक्षौहिणीवृतः ।
भ्रातृभिः सह पुत्रैश्च सोऽभ्यरक्षत पृष्ठतः ॥१९॥

19. samudyojya tataḥ paścādrājāpyakṣauhiṇīvṛtaḥ ,
bhrātṛbhiḥ saha putraiśca so'bhyarakṣata pṛṣṭhataḥ.

19. samudyojya tataḥ paścāt rājā api akṣauhiṇīvṛtaḥ
bhrātṛbhiḥ saha putraiḥ ca saḥ abhyarakṣata pṛṣṭhataḥ

19. tataḥ paścāt rājā api akṣauhiṇīvṛtaḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ
putraiḥ ca saha samudyojya saḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ abhyarakṣata

19. After making these arrangements, the king, accompanied by his brothers and sons and surrounded by an akṣauhiṇī (a large division of the army), then protected the rear.

Words meanings summery:

• समुद्योज्य (samudyojya) - having made proper arrangements or deployed (the army). (having prepared, having arranged, having harnessed)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, thence, from that)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, subsequently (afterwards, behind, from behind, after)

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira. (king)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• अक्षौहिणीवृतः (akṣauhiṇīvṛtaḥ) - surrounded by a large division of the army (an akṣauhiṇī). (surrounded by an akṣauhiṇī (army division))

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his (the king's) brothers. (by brothers, with brothers)

• सह (saha) - with (with, accompanied by)

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with his (the king's) sons. (by sons, with sons)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the king, Yudhiṣṭhira). (he, that)

• अभ्यरक्षत (abhyarakṣata) - he protected (the rear). (he protected, he guarded)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from the rear (of the army). (from behind, in the rear, from the back)

Words meanings and morphology

समुद्योज्य (samudyojya) - having made proper arrangements or deployed (the army). (having prepared, having arranged, having harnessed)

(indeclinable)

absolutative (gerund)

Formed from root yuj with prefixes sam and ud, and suffix ya for absolutative.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yuj (class 7)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, subsequently (afterwards, behind, from behind, after)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhiṣṭhira. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अक्षौहिणीवृतः (akṣauhiṇīvṛtaḥ) - surrounded by a large division of the army (an akṣauhiṇī). (surrounded by an akṣauhiṇī (army division))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣauhiṇīvṛta

akṣauhiṇīvṛta - surrounded by an akṣauhiṇī

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (akṣauhiṇī+vṛta)

• akṣauhiṇī – a division of the army, a large army consisting of 21,870 chariots, as many elephants, 65,610 horses and 109,350 foot-soldiers.
  noun (feminine)
• vṛta – surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ (to cover, surround, choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his (the king's) brothers. (by brothers, with brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

सह (saha) - with (with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

Takes instrumental case.

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with his (the king's) sons. (by sons, with sons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the king, Yudhiṣṭhira). (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्यरक्षत (abhyarakṣata) - he protected (the rear). (he protected, he guarded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Imperfect tense, ātmanepada

Root rakṣ (1st class), with prefix abhi, laṅ lakāra (imperfect), 3rd person singular ātmanepada.

Prefix: abhi

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: While rakṣ is generally parasmaipada, some forms can appear in ātmanepada for specific nuances or poetic usage.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from the rear (of the army). (from behind, in the rear, from the back)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back, rear) with suffix tas.