महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-2

यो वेद मानुषं व्यूहं दैवं गान्धर्वमासुरम् ।
कथं भीष्मं स कौन्तेयः प्रत्यव्यूहत पाण्डवः ॥२॥

2. yo veda mānuṣaṁ vyūhaṁ daivaṁ gāndharvamāsuram ,
kathaṁ bhīṣmaṁ sa kaunteyaḥ pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavaḥ.

2. yaḥ veda mānuṣam vyūham daivam gāndharvam āsuram
katham bhīṣmam sa kaunteyaḥ pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavaḥ

2. yaḥ mānuṣam daivam gāndharvam āsuram vyūham veda,
saḥ kaunteyaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ bhīṣmam katham pratyavyūhata

2. How did that Pandava, the son of Kunti (Arjuna), array his forces against Bhishma, who understands human, divine, Gandharva, and Asura battle formations?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human, pertaining to humans

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation, array, disposition of troops

• दैवम् (daivam) - divine, celestial, pertaining to gods

• गान्धर्वम् (gāndharvam) - Gandharva, pertaining to Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

• आसुरम् (āsuram) - Asura, demonic, pertaining to Asuras

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Pertaining to Bhishma, the Kaurava commander (Bhishma)

• स (sa) - he, that

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

• प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - arrayed against, countered, opposed

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lit) of vid

perfect active

root vid (2nd class), perfect active 3rd singular (reduplicated, irregular form used as present)

Root: vid (class 2)

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human, pertaining to humans

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to humans

derived from manu (human) + ṣa (taddhita suffix)

Note: Agrees with vyūham

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation, array, disposition of troops

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, formation, disposition; division, separation

From vi-ūh (to arrange, dispose)

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

दैवम् (daivam) - divine, celestial, pertaining to gods

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods; fate

derived from deva (god)

Note: Agrees with vyūham

गान्धर्वम् (gāndharvam) - Gandharva, pertaining to Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāndharva

gāndharva - relating to Gandharvas; a type of marriage; music

derived from gandharva

Note: Agrees with vyūham

आसुरम् (āsuram) - Asura, demonic, pertaining to Asuras

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āsura

āsura - demonic, relating to Asuras; a type of marriage

derived from asura

Note: Agrees with vyūham

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Pertaining to Bhishma, the Kaurava commander (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun); terrible, dreadful

Note: Object of pratyavyūhata

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaunteya Pandava

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

derived from Kuntī + ḍhak (patronymic suffix)

प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - arrayed against, countered, opposed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-vi-ūh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Root ūh (1P/A) means to dispose, arrange, conjecture. With prati-vi, it means to arrange against, confront.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; a son of Pandu

derived from pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)