महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
अक्षौहिण्यो दशैकां च व्यूढां दृष्ट्वा युधिष्ठिरः ।
कथमल्पेन सैन्येन प्रत्यव्यूहत पाण्डवः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
akṣauhiṇyo daśaikāṁ ca vyūḍhāṁ dṛṣṭvā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
kathamalpena sainyena pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca akṣauhiṇīḥ daśa ekām ca vyūḍhām dṛṣṭvā
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ katham alpena sainyena pratyavyūhata pāṇḍavaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca daśa ekām ca vyūḍhām akṣauhiṇīḥ dṛṣṭvā,
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ pāṇḍavaḥ alpena sainyena katham pratyavyūhata?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "Having seen ten and one arrayed akṣauhiṇīs, how did Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava, counter-array with a small army?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अक्षौहिणीः (akṣauhiṇīḥ) - akṣauhiṇīs (a division of an ancient Indian army)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• एकाम् (ekām) - one

• च (ca) - and

• व्यूढाम् (vyūḍhām) - arrayed, marshaled, arranged (feminine)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• अल्पेन (alpena) - by small, with a small

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - with an army, by the army

• प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he counter-arrayed, he arrayed against

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अक्षौहिणीः (akṣauhiṇīḥ) - akṣauhiṇīs (a division of an ancient Indian army)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of akṣauhiṇī

akṣauhiṇī - an ancient Indian army division

Note: Accusative plural, functioning as the object for 'dṛṣṭvā' (having seen) for the ten akṣauhiṇīs.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Acts as adjective to 'akṣauhiṇīḥ'

एकाम् (ekām) - one

(numeral)

Note: Feminine accusative singular, referring to the additional (eleventh) akṣauhiṇī.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्यूढाम् (vyūḍhām) - arrayed, marshaled, arranged (feminine)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, marshaled, arranged, formed (as an army)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ūh' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ekām' (referring to the 11th akṣauhiṇī being arrayed)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

अल्पेन (alpena) - by small, with a small

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few

Note: Agrees with 'sainyena'

सैन्येन (sainyena) - with an army, by the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host of soldiers

Derived from 'senā' (army)

प्रत्यव्यूहत (pratyavyūhata) - he counter-arrayed, he arrayed against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ūh

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava prince

Derived from 'Pāṇḍu' with suffix 'a' (patronymic)