महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-3

संजय उवाच ।
धार्तराष्ट्राण्यनीकानि दृष्ट्वा व्यूढानि पाण्डवः ।
अभ्यभाषत धर्मात्मा धर्मराजो धनंजयम् ॥३॥

3. saṁjaya uvāca ,
dhārtarāṣṭrāṇyanīkāni dṛṣṭvā vyūḍhāni pāṇḍavaḥ ,
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā dharmarājo dhanaṁjayam.

3. saṃjaya uvāca dhārtarāṣṭrāṇi anīkāni dṛṣṭvā vyūḍhāni
pāṇḍavaḥ abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā dharmarājaḥ dhanaṃjayam

3. saṃjaya uvāca: dhārtarāṣṭrāṇi anīkāni vyūḍhāni dṛṣṭvā,
dharmātmā dharmarājaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ dhanaṃjayam abhyabhāṣata

3. Sanjaya said: Having seen the armies of the Dhartarashtras arrayed, the Pandava whose inner nature (ātman) was righteousness (dharma), King Yudhishthira (dharmarāja), addressed Dhananjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धार्तराष्ट्राणि (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇi) - the Kaurava armies/forces (pertaining to Dhritarashtra; sons of Dhritarashtra)

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, hosts, forces

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• व्यूढानि (vyūḍhāni) - arrayed, drawn up, arranged

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose inner nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of righteousness (dharma))

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer); victorious

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac (2nd class, irregular perfect) 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

धार्तराष्ट्राणि (dhārtarāṣṭrāṇi) - the Kaurava armies/forces (pertaining to Dhritarashtra; sons of Dhritarashtra)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhritarashtra; relating to Dhritarashtra

derived from dhṛtarāṣṭra + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Qualifies anīkāni

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, hosts, forces

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, battle line

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root dṛś + tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्यूढानि (vyūḍhāni) - arrayed, drawn up, arranged

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arranged, arrayed, formed (of troops)

Past Passive Participle

from vi-ūh + kta (PPP suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira (descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; a son of Pandu

derived from pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose inner nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, life-breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ and dharmarājaḥ

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of righteousness (dharma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness; Yudhishthira; Yama

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another epithet for Yudhishthira

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth; a name of Arjuna; fire

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhana+ji)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• ji – to conquer, overcome, win
  verb
  agentive suffix -a
  root ji + a (verbal derivative noun)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of abhyabhāṣata