महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-19, verse-6

एतद्वचनमाज्ञाय महर्षेर्व्यूह पाण्डव ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा धर्मराजस्य प्रत्यभाषत फल्गुनः ॥६॥

6. etadvacanamājñāya maharṣervyūha pāṇḍava ,
tacchrutvā dharmarājasya pratyabhāṣata phalgunaḥ.

6. etat vacanam ājñāya maharṣeḥ vyūha pāṇḍava tat
śrutvā dharmarājasya prati abhāṣata phālgunaḥ

6. maharṣeḥ etat vacanam ājñāya dharmarājasya
tat śrutvā phālgunaḥ prati abhāṣata

6. Having understood these words of the great sage (maharṣi), and having heard from King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) the command, "O Pāṇḍava, arrange the battle formation!", Arjuna (Phālguna) replied.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - these (this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, instruction (word, speech, command, instruction)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having perceived, having commanded)

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage (maharṣi) (of the great sage)

• व्यूह (vyūha) - arrange the battle formation (arrange, form, deploy)

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava (referring to Arjuna or Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son of Pāṇḍu, O descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• तत् (tat) - that (command) (that, this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) (of the king of dharma, of Yudhiṣṭhira)

• प्रति (prati) - (implied in reply) (towards, in reply to, against)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - replied (spoke)

• फाल्गुनः (phālgunaḥ) - Arjuna (Phālguna) (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - these (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, instruction (word, speech, command, instruction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, command, instruction

Derived from √vac, to speak.

Root: vac (class 2)

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having perceived, having commanded)

(indeclinable)

Gerund

Formed from prefix 'ā' + root 'jñā' + suffix '-ya' (gerund).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive participle (gerund).

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage (maharṣi) (of the great sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Refers to Vyasa.

व्यूह (vyūha) - arrange the battle formation (arrange, form, deploy)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vyūh

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Pāṇḍava (referring to Arjuna or Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son of Pāṇḍu, O descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

तत् (tat) - that (command) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the command 'vyūha pāṇḍava'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root 'śru' + suffix '-tvā' (absolutive).

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) (of the king of dharma, of Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, lord of justice, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

प्रति (prati) - (implied in reply) (towards, in reply to, against)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb with abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - replied (spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Together with 'prati' forms 'pratyabhāṣata' (replied).

फाल्गुनः (phālgunaḥ) - Arjuna (Phālguna) (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - Arjuna (born under the constellation Phalguni)