महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-108, verse-40

को हि नेच्छेत्प्रियं पुत्रं जीवन्तं शाश्वतीः समाः ।
क्षत्रधर्मं पुरस्कृत्य ततस्त्वा विनियुज्महे ॥४०॥

40. ko hi necchetpriyaṁ putraṁ jīvantaṁ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ ,
kṣatradharmaṁ puraskṛtya tatastvā viniyujmahe.

40. kaḥ hi na icchet priyam putram jīvantam śāśvatīḥ
samāḥ kṣatradharmam puraskṛtya tataḥ tvā viniyujmahe

40. hi kaḥ priyam putram śāśvatīḥ samāḥ jīvantam na
icchet kṣatradharmam puraskṛtya tataḥ tvā viniyujmahe

40. Who indeed would not wish for a dear son to live for eternal years? Holding the warrior's intrinsic nature (kṣatradharma) in high esteem, we therefore appoint you.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• न (na) - not

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - would wish, should wish

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - living, alive

• शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal, perpetual

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the duty/code of a warrior (the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior/Kshatriya)

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having held in high esteem

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• विनियुज्महे (viniyujmahe) - we appoint, we employ

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Sandhi form of kim.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

इच्छेत् (icchet) - would wish, should wish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of iṣ

Optative 3rd person singular

Root iṣ (6th class, tudādi), parasmaipada. From desiderative stem icch.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Adjective modifying 'putram'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of the verb 'icchet'.

जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - living, alive

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

From root jīv (1st class, bhvādi) with suffix -at.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'putram'.

शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal, perpetual

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śāśvatī

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant

Note: Modifies 'samāḥ'.

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year

Note: Denotes duration.

क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the duty/code of a warrior (the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior/Kshatriya)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty/law/intrinsic nature (dharma) of a kṣatriya or warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion; warrior class
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of the gerund 'puraskṛtya'.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having held in high esteem

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root kṛ (8th class, tanādi) with prefix puras. Formed with suffix -ya after prefix.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem tad with suffix -tas.

Note: Sandhi form of tatas.

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal stem for second person singular.

Note: Enclitic form of tvām.

विनियुज्महे (viniyujmahe) - we appoint, we employ

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vi-ni-yuj

Present 1st person plural

Root yuj (7th class, rudhādi) with prefixes vi and ni; atmanepada.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The subject 'we' (vayam) is implied.