महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-108, verse-29

हयनागरथावर्तां महाघोरां सुदुस्तराम् ।
रथेन संग्रामनदीं तरत्येष कपिध्वजः ॥२९॥

29. hayanāgarathāvartāṁ mahāghorāṁ sudustarām ,
rathena saṁgrāmanadīṁ taratyeṣa kapidhvajaḥ.

29. haya-nāga-ratha-āvartām mahāghorām sudustarām
rathena saṃgrāma-nadīm tarati eṣaḥ kapidhvajaḥ

29. eṣaḥ kapidhvajaḥ rathena haya-nāga-ratha-āvartām
mahāghorām sudustarām saṃgrāma-nadīm tarati

29. This warrior, Kapidhvaja (he whose banner bears a monkey emblem), crosses by his chariot the river of battle, which has horses, elephants, and chariots as its whirlpools, is exceedingly dreadful, and very difficult to traverse.

Words meanings summery:

• हय-नाग-रथ-आवर्ताम् (haya-nāga-ratha-āvartām) - having horses, elephants, and chariots as whirlpools

• महाघोराम् (mahāghorām) - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible

• सुदुस्तराम् (sudustarām) - very difficult to cross or traverse

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

• संग्राम-नदीम् (saṁgrāma-nadīm) - river of battle

• तरति (tarati) - crosses, overcomes, traverses

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one (masculine nominative singular)

• कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (he whose banner bears a monkey emblem, an epithet of Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

हय-नाग-रथ-आवर्ताम् (haya-nāga-ratha-āvartām) - having horses, elephants, and chariots as whirlpools

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of haya-nāga-ratha-āvarta

haya-nāga-ratha-āvarta - having horses, elephants, and chariots as whirlpools

Compound of haya (horse), nāga (elephant/serpent), ratha (chariot), and āvarta (whirlpool).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (haya+nāga+ratha+āvarta)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• āvarta – whirlpool, eddy, convolution
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-vṛt (to turn, revolve)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes saṃgrāmanadīm.

महाघोराम् (mahāghorām) - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, formidable

mahā (great) + ghora (dreadful)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Describes saṃgrāmanadīm.

सुदुस्तराम् (sudustarām) - very difficult to cross or traverse

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudustara

sudustara - very difficult to cross, very hard to overcome

Gerundive

su (very) + dus (difficult) + tara (to cross). Tara from root tṛ (to cross).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dustara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dustara – difficult to cross, impassable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/potential passive participle
  Derived from dus-tṛ (difficult to cross)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes saṃgrāmanadīm.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to delight) or ṛ (to go).

Note: Instrument of crossing.

संग्राम-नदीम् (saṁgrāma-nadīm) - river of battle

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃgrāma-nadī

saṁgrāma-nadī - river of battle, battle as a river

Compound of saṃgrāma (battle) and nadī (river).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃgrāma+nadī)

• saṃgrāma – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-grām (to fight)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grām (class 1)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of tarati.

तरति (tarati) - crosses, overcomes, traverses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Present

present 3rd person singular from root tṛ.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, this one, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (he whose banner bears a monkey emblem, an epithet of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapidhvaja

kapidhvaja - he whose banner bears a monkey emblem (kapidhvaja), epithet of Arjuna

kapi (monkey) + dhvaja (banner). Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapi+dhvaja)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of tarati.