महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-108, verse-4

अयं स दिवसस्तात यत्र पार्थो महारथः ।
जिघांसुः समरे भीष्मं परं यत्नं करिष्यति ॥४॥

4. ayaṁ sa divasastāta yatra pārtho mahārathaḥ ,
jighāṁsuḥ samare bhīṣmaṁ paraṁ yatnaṁ kariṣyati.

4. ayam saḥ divasaḥ tāta yatra pārthaḥ mahārathaḥ
jighāṃsuḥ samare bhīṣmam param yatnam kariṣyati

4. tāta ayam saḥ divasaḥ yatra mahārathaḥ pārthaḥ
samare bhīṣmam jighāṃsuḥ param yatnam kariṣyati

4. My son, this is the very day when Arjuna (Pārtha), the great warrior, will exert his utmost effort in battle, eager to slay Bhishma.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine nominative singular))

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to a specific day) (he, that)

• दिवसः (divasaḥ) - day (day, daylight)

• तात (tāta) - my son (Drona addressing Ashvatthaman) (father (vocative), dear one, my son)

• यत्र (yatra) - on which (day) (where, in which place, on which occasion)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot, commander of many chariots)

• जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - eager to slay (desirous of killing, wishing to slay)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• परम् (param) - utmost (supreme, ultimate, great, highest)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will exert (lit. 'will make effort') (will do, will make, will perform)

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to a specific day) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, often translates as 'the' or simply intensifies.

दिवसः (divasaḥ) - day (day, daylight)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with ayam saḥ).

तात (tāta) - my son (Drona addressing Ashvatthaman) (father (vocative), dear one, my son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one

Note: Term of address.

यत्र (yatra) - on which (day) (where, in which place, on which occasion)

(indeclinable)

Note: Relative adverb.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Pārtha) (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā

Note: Subject of the subordinate clause.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot, commander of many chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, commander of 10,000 archers

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to pārthaḥ.

जिघांसुः (jighāṁsuḥ) - eager to slay (desirous of killing, wishing to slay)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jighāṃsu

jighāṁsu - desirous of killing

Desiderative participle

Formed from desiderative stem of root han (to kill) + -u suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies pārthaḥ.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name)

Note: Object of jighāṃsuḥ.

परम् (param) - utmost (supreme, ultimate, great, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, chief

Note: Qualifies yatnam.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of kariṣyati.

करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will exert (lit. 'will make effort') (will do, will make, will perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Future

3rd person singular active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)