महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-108, verse-28

नायं संरक्षितुं कालः प्राणान्पुत्रोपजीविभिः ।
याहि स्वर्गं पुरस्कृत्य यशसे विजयाय च ॥२८॥

28. nāyaṁ saṁrakṣituṁ kālaḥ prāṇānputropajīvibhiḥ ,
yāhi svargaṁ puraskṛtya yaśase vijayāya ca.

28. na ayam saṃrakṣitum kālaḥ prāṇān putropajīvibhiḥ
yāhi svargam puraskṛtya yaśase vijayāya ca

28. putropajīvibhiḥ prāṇān saṃrakṣitum ayam kālaḥ na.
yaśase vijayāya ca svargam puraskṛtya yāhi.

28. This is not the time for those who depend on their sons to preserve their lives. Go to heaven, aiming for fame and victory.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• संरक्षितुम् (saṁrakṣitum) - to protect, to preserve

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season, opportune moment

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs, life forces

• पुत्रोपजीविभिः (putropajīvibhiḥ) - by those who live by their sons, by those dependent on sons

• याहि (yāhi) - go! proceed!

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial realm

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - aiming for (having placed in front, having honored, having made primary, aiming for)

• यशसे (yaśase) - for fame, for glory

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the statement.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here, the present

Demonstrative pronoun.

संरक्षितुम् (saṁrakṣitum) - to protect, to preserve

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive from sam-rakṣ (to protect completely)

Prefix: sam

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season, opportune moment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death, opportune moment

Note: Predicate noun to implied asti.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs, life forces

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, life force, spirit (prāṇa)

pra-an (to breathe forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of saṃrakṣitum.

पुत्रोपजीविभिः (putropajīvibhiḥ) - by those who live by their sons, by those dependent on sons

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putropajīvin

putropajīvin - living by one's sons, dependent on sons for livelihood

putra (son) + upajīvin (living by, dependent on). Upajīvin is from upa-jīv (to live upon).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+upajīvin)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• upajīvin – one who lives on, dependent, subsistent
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / adjective from upajīv
  Derived from upa-jīv with in suffix
  Prefix: upa
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agent of the implied action of 'not protecting lives'.

याहि (yāhi) - go! proceed!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Imperative

imperative 2nd person singular from root yā.

Root: yā (class 2)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial realm

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world

su (good) + √ṛj (to go, to move) + a or svarkā (light)

Note: Object of yāhi.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - aiming for (having placed in front, having honored, having made primary, aiming for)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From puras-kṛ (to place in front, to honor, to make primary)

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerund modifying yāhi.

यशसे (yaśase) - for fame, for glory

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, honor, beauty

Note: Expresses purpose.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

vi-ji (to conquer) + a suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)