महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-5

संजय उवाच ।
नाशीर्यत धनुस्तस्य रथभङ्गो न चाप्यभूत् ।
युध्यमानस्य संग्रामे भीष्मस्य भरतर्षभ ।
निघ्नतः समरे शत्रूञ्शरैः संनतपर्वभिः ॥५॥

5. saṁjaya uvāca ,
nāśīryata dhanustasya rathabhaṅgo na cāpyabhūt ,
yudhyamānasya saṁgrāme bhīṣmasya bharatarṣabha ,
nighnataḥ samare śatrūñśaraiḥ saṁnataparvabhiḥ.

5. saṃjaya uvāca na aśīryata dhanuḥ tasya
ratha-bhaṅgaḥ na ca api abhūt yudhyamānasya
saṅgrāme bhīṣmasya bharata-ṛṣabha nighnataḥ
samare śatrūn śaraiḥ sannata-parvabhiḥ

5. saṃjaya uvāca bharata-ṛṣabha tasya dhanuḥ
na aśīryata ca na api ratha-bhaṅgaḥ abhūt
bhīṣmasya saṅgrāme yudhyamānasya samare
sannata-parvabhiḥ śaraiḥ śatrūn nighnataḥ

5. Sanjaya said: "His bow did not shatter, nor did his chariot break, O best of the Bharatas. This was while Bhishma was fighting in the great battle, striking down enemies in combat with arrows whose shafts were bent."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - shattered, broke

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Bhishma's) (his, its)

• रथ-भङ्गः (ratha-bhaṅgaḥ) - chariot-breakage, destruction of the chariot

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अभूत् (abhūt) - happened, was, became

• युध्यमानस्य (yudhyamānasya) - of Bhishma, while he was fighting (of one fighting)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the great battle (Kurukshetra) (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - Of the venerable grandfather Bhishma (of Bhishma)

• भरत-ऋषभ (bharata-ṛṣabha) - Addressing Dhritarashtra as the chief of the Bharata lineage. (O best of Bharatas)

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of Bhishma, while he was striking down (of one striking down, of one killing)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• सन्नत-पर्वभिः (sannata-parvabhiḥ) - with arrows whose shafts were bent (from impact/force) (with bent-jointed, with bent-shafted)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper noun), victory, triumph

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac' (2nd class).

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशीर्यत (aśīryata) - shattered, broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of śīr

Imperfect Passive

From root 'śṝ' (to break, shatter), 9th class, Ātmanepada, imperfect tense.

Root: śṝ (class 9)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanu

dhanu - bow

तस्य (tasya) - his (Bhishma's) (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

रथ-भङ्गः (ratha-bhaṅgaḥ) - chariot-breakage, destruction of the chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha-bhaṅga

ratha-bhaṅga - breakage of a chariot, chariot's destruction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+bhaṅga)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• bhaṅga – breaking, fracture, destruction, defeat
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhañj' (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhūt'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अभूत् (abhūt) - happened, was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist Active

Root 'bhū' (1st class), Parasmaipada, aorist tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

युध्यमानस्य (yudhyamānasya) - of Bhishma, while he was fighting (of one fighting)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring, contending

Present Middle Participle

From root 'yudh' (4th class, Ātmanepada).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmasya'.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the great battle (Kurukshetra) (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Prefix: sam

Root: grābh

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - Of the venerable grandfather Bhishma (of Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun), terrible, formidable

भरत-ऋषभ (bharata-ṛṣabha) - Addressing Dhritarashtra as the chief of the Bharata lineage. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharata-ṛṣabha

bharata-ṛṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (a legendary king, name of a dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of Bhishma, while he was striking down (of one striking down, of one killing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking down, killing, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmasya'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śad

Note: Object of 'nighnataḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, dart

Root: śṝ

Note: Means by which enemies are struck.

सन्नत-पर्वभिः (sannata-parvabhiḥ) - with arrows whose shafts were bent (from impact/force) (with bent-jointed, with bent-shafted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sannata-parvan

sannata-parvan - having bent joints/knots (referring to arrow shafts)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sannata+parvan)

• sannata – bent, bowed, humbled, lowered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-nam (to bow, bend)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, section, limb, festival, shaft (of an arrow)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.