महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-31

पञ्चालानां च ये श्रेष्ठा राजपुत्रा महाबलाः ।
तेषामादत्त तेजांसि जलं सूर्य इवांशुभिः ॥३१॥

31. pañcālānāṁ ca ye śreṣṭhā rājaputrā mahābalāḥ ,
teṣāmādatta tejāṁsi jalaṁ sūrya ivāṁśubhiḥ.

31. pañcālānām ca ye śreṣṭhāḥ rājaputrāḥ mahābalāḥ
teṣām ādatta tejāṃsi jalam sūryaḥ iva aṃśubhiḥ

31. ca ye pañcālānām śreṣṭhāḥ mahābalāḥ rājaputrāḥ
teṣām tejāṃsi ādatta sūryaḥ aṃśubhiḥ jalam iva

31. And from those, the best and most powerful princes of the Pañcālas, he snatched away their vital energy and glory (tejas), just as the sun absorbs water with its rays.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चालानाम् (pañcālānām) - of the Pañcālas

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, most excellent

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• आदत्त (ādatta) - took away, seized, absorbed

• तेजांसि (tejāṁsi) - their vital energy and glory (splendours, energies, prowess, glories)

• जलम् (jalam) - water

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अंशुभिः (aṁśubhiḥ) - with rays

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चालानाम् (pañcālānām) - of the Pañcālas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pañcāla

pañcāla - name of a country and its people (Pañcālas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to rājaputrāḥ.

श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

Superlative of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Agrees with rājaputrāḥ.

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - king's son, prince

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Co-refers with ye.

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - having great strength, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with rājaputrāḥ.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for ye, refers to the princes.

आदत्त (ādatta) - took away, seized, absorbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ādatta

Imperfect / Aorist (Middle voice)

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, middle voice of root dā (to give) with prefix ā- (to take, to receive, to seize)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The subject is implied, e.g., Bhīṣma.

तेजांसि (tejāṁsi) - their vital energy and glory (splendours, energies, prowess, glories)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tejas

tejas - splendour, brilliance, energy, power, vital force, glory

Note: Object of ādatta.

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Note: Object of comparison (what the sun takes).

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Note: Subject in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अंशुभिः (aṁśubhiḥ) - with rays

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aṃśu

aṁśu - ray (of light), filament, point

Note: Means by which the sun takes water.