महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-36

स युध्यमानो बहुभिर्भीष्मः शांतनवस्तदा ।
अवकीर्णो महाबाहुः शैलो मेघैरिवासितैः ॥३६॥

36. sa yudhyamāno bahubhirbhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavastadā ,
avakīrṇo mahābāhuḥ śailo meghairivāsitaiḥ.

36. saḥ yudhyamānaḥ bahubhiḥ bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ tadā
avakīrṇaḥ mahābāhuḥ śailaḥ meghaiḥ iva asitaiḥ

36. tadā bahubhiḥ yudhyamānaḥ mahābāhuḥ śāntanavaḥ
bhīṣmaḥ asitaiḥ meghaiḥ śailaḥ iva avakīrṇaḥ

36. Then, the mighty-armed Bhishma (śāntanava), fighting against many, was overwhelmed, just as a mountain is covered by dark clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Bhishma (he, that)

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting (referring to Bhishma) (fighting, engaged in battle)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (warriors/enemies) (by many, by numerous)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अवकीर्णः (avakīrṇaḥ) - overwhelmed (by arrows/attacks) (scattered, covered, overwhelmed)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, strong-armed

• शैलः (śailaḥ) - a mountain, a rock

• मेघैः (meghaiḥ) - by clouds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• असितैः (asitaiḥ) - by dark (clouds) (by dark ones, by black ones)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Bhishma (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - while fighting (referring to Bhishma) (fighting, engaged in battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, combating

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from the root 'yudh' (to fight) with the 'śānac' suffix (मान) for Ātmanepada present participle.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'Bhishma'.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (warriors/enemies) (by many, by numerous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Refers to the numerous opponents fighting Bhishma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

Note: A key warrior and patriarch in the Mahabharata.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant/son of Shantanu

Patronymic derivation from 'Śantanu' (śāntanu + aṇ pratyaya).

Note: Epithet for Bhishma.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अवकीर्णः (avakīrṇaḥ) - overwhelmed (by arrows/attacks) (scattered, covered, overwhelmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avakīrṇa

avakīrṇa - scattered, covered, overwhelmed, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'ava-' (prefix) + root 'kṝ' (to scatter) + 'kta' (ta) suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: kṝ (class 6)

Note: Describes Bhishma's state.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, strong-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - one with great arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

शैलः (śailaḥ) - a mountain, a rock

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

Note: Used in a simile.

मेघैः (meghaiḥ) - by clouds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Note: Used in a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

असितैः (asitaiḥ) - by dark (clouds) (by dark ones, by black ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asita

asita - dark, black, not white

Note: Modifies 'meghaiḥ'.