महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-37

पुत्रास्तु तव गाङ्गेयं समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ।
महत्या सेनया सार्धं ततो युद्धमवर्तत ॥३७॥

37. putrāstu tava gāṅgeyaṁ samantātparyavārayan ,
mahatyā senayā sārdhaṁ tato yuddhamavartata.

37. putrāḥ tu tava gāṅgeyam samantāt paryavārayan
mahatyā senayā sārdham tataḥ yuddham avartata

37. tava putrāḥ tu mahatyā senayā sārdham gāṅgeyam
samantāt paryavārayan tataḥ yuddham avartata

37. But your sons, along with a large army, surrounded Bhishma (gāṅgeya) from all sides. Then, a battle ensued.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) sons (sons)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your (singular))

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Bhishma))

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they obstructed

• महत्या (mahatyā) - by a large (army) (by a large, by a great)

• सेनया (senayā) - by an army, with an army

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued, it happened, it took place

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - your (Duryodhana's) sons (sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's brothers.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra) (your (singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural)

Note: Possessive pronoun, addressing Dhritarashtra.

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga

Patronymic derivation from 'Gaṅgā' (gaṅgā + ḍhak pratyaya).

Note: Object of 'paryavārayan'.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they obstructed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active (causative)

Root 'vṛ' (5th class) with prefixes 'pari' and 'ava', and causative suffix 'ṇic' (resulting in 'vāraya'). Imperfect third person plural active.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The verb means 'they surrounded'.

महत्या (mahatyā) - by a large (army) (by a large, by a great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Modifies 'senayā'.

सेनया (senayā) - by an army, with an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

Note: Governed by 'sārdham'.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'yudh' (to fight) with 'kta' suffix; here used as a neuter noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - it ensued, it happened, it took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Root 'vṛt' (1st class) in Imperfect third person singular middle voice (Ātmanepada).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The verb means 'it ensued'.