महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-3

कथं शांतनवो भीष्मः स तस्मिन्दशमेऽहनि ।
अयुध्यत महावीर्यः पाण्डवैः सहसृञ्जयैः ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ śāṁtanavo bhīṣmaḥ sa tasmindaśame'hani ,
ayudhyata mahāvīryaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ sahasṛñjayaiḥ.

3. katham śāntanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ sa tasmin daśame ahani
ayudhyata mahāvīryaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ saha sṛñjayaiḥ

3. katham sa śāntanavaḥ mahāvīryaḥ bhīṣmaḥ tasmin
daśame ahani pāṇḍavaiḥ saha sṛñjayaiḥ ayudhyata

3. How did that Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, a warrior of great prowess, fight on that tenth day against the Pāṇḍavas and the Sṛñjayas?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (son of Shantanu)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a warrior)

• स (sa) - he, that

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• दशमे (daśame) - tenth

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day, day

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he fought

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (of great valor, greatly powerful, possessing great energy)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pandavas

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• सृञ्जयैः (sṛñjayaiḥ) - with the Srinjayas

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (son of Shantanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śantanu, son of Śantanu

Patronymic derivation from Śantanu.

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma, name of the son of King Śantanu and Gaṅgā, terrible, dreadful

Root: bhī (class 3)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'ahani'.

दशमे (daśame) - tenth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Ordinal number from daśan (ten).

अहनि (ahani) - on the day, day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Irregular stem 'ahan' for 'day'.

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Augment 'a' + root yudh + middle voice ending.

Root: yudh (class 4)

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - Refers to Bhīṣma. (of great valor, greatly powerful, possessing great energy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great valor, having great prowess, very powerful, greatly energetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• vīrya – valor, prowess, strength, energy, virility
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Bhīṣma.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, belonging to Pāṇḍu

Note: Used with 'saha' for 'along with'.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing instrumental case.

सृञ्जयैः (sṛñjayaiḥ) - with the Srinjayas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of a tribe or their king, allies of the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Used with 'saha' for 'along with'.