महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-7, verse-8

प्रतिबुद्धः स वार्ष्णेयो ददर्शाग्रे किरीटिनम् ।
स तयोः स्वागतं कृत्वा यथार्हं प्रतिपूज्य च ।
तदागमनजं हेतुं पप्रच्छ मधुसूदनः ॥८॥

8. pratibuddhaḥ sa vārṣṇeyo dadarśāgre kirīṭinam ,
sa tayoḥ svāgataṁ kṛtvā yathārhaṁ pratipūjya ca ,
tadāgamanajaṁ hetuṁ papraccha madhusūdanaḥ.

8. pratibuddhaḥ saḥ vārṣṇeyaḥ dadarśa
agre kirīṭinam saḥ tayoḥ svāgatam
kṛtvā yathārham pratipūjya ca
tadāgamanajam hetum papraccha madhusūdanaḥ

8. Having awakened, Vārṣṇeya (Kṛṣṇa) saw the crowned one (Arjuna) in front. Then, having welcomed and appropriately honored those two, Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa) asked the reason for their arrival.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa, who had awakened (awakened, roused)

• सः (saḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (he, that)

• वार्ष्णेयः (vārṣṇeyaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (descendant of Vṛṣṇi, Kṛṣṇa)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - Kṛṣṇa saw (he saw)

• अग्रे (agre) - in front of Kṛṣṇa (in front, before)

• किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - Arjuna (the crowned one)

• सः (saḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (he, that)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of Arjuna and Duryodhana (of those two)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having offered welcome (having done, having made)

• यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as was proper, appropriately, justly

• प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored them (having honored in return, having worshipped)

• च (ca) - and

• तदागमनजम् (tadāgamanajam) - the reason resulting from their visit (born of their arrival, caused by their arrival)

• हेतुम् (hetum) - the purpose of their visit (reason, cause, motive)

• पप्रछ्छ (paprachcha) - Kṛṣṇa asked (he asked, he enquired)

• मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (slayer of Madhu (demon), Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa, who had awakened (awakened, roused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratibuddha

pratibuddha - awakened, perceived, known

Past Passive Participle

From root 'budh' (to awaken, know) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa.

वार्ष्णेयः (vārṣṇeyaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (descendant of Vṛṣṇi, Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - a descendant of Vṛṣṇi

Formed with a patronymic suffix from Vṛṣṇi

ददर्श (dadarśa) - Kṛṣṇa saw (he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect form

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अग्रे (agre) - in front of Kṛṣṇa (in front, before)

(indeclinable)

Locative singular form used adverbially

Note: Literally 'in the front'.

किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - Arjuna (the crowned one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem

From 'kirīṭa' (diadem) with suffix -in

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

सः (saḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa, the subject of the next clause.

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of Arjuna and Duryodhana (of those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Arjuna and Duryodhana who came to Dvārakā.

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - well-come, welcome

Past Passive Participle (used as noun/adjective)

From 'su' (well) + 'āgata' (come)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+āgata)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having offered welcome (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Also known as gerund.

यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as was proper, appropriately, justly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+arham)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• arham – worthy, suitable
  adjective (neuter)
  Accusative singular neuter of 'arha', used adverbially
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Modifies `kṛtvā` and `pratipūjya`.

प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored them (having honored in return, having worshipped)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'pūj' (to honor) with prefix 'prati', formed with suffix -ya after prefix

Prefix: prati

Root: pūj (class 10)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `kṛtvā` and `pratipūjya`.

तदागमनजम् (tadāgamanajam) - the reason resulting from their visit (born of their arrival, caused by their arrival)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tadāgamanaja

tadāgamanaja - born of that arrival, caused by that coming

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+āgamana+ja)

• tad – that
  pronoun
  Adjectival use
• āgamana – arrival, coming
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• ja – born, produced, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born), suffix -a
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Forms a compound with 'hetum'.

हेतुम् (hetum) - the purpose of their visit (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

Root: hi (class 5)

पप्रछ्छ (paprachcha) - Kṛṣṇa asked (he asked, he enquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect form

Root: prach (class 6)

मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (slayer of Madhu (demon), Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of the demon Madhu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, demon Madhu
  noun (neuter)
• sūdana – slayer, destroying
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sūd' (to destroy, kill)
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Subject of `paprachha`.