महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-7, verse-30

स तेन सर्वसैन्येन भीमेन कुरुनन्दनः ।
वृतः प्रतिययौ हृष्टः सुहृदः संप्रहर्षयन् ॥३०॥

30. sa tena sarvasainyena bhīmena kurunandanaḥ ,
vṛtaḥ pratiyayau hṛṣṭaḥ suhṛdaḥ saṁpraharṣayan.

30. saḥ tena sarvasainyena bhīmena kurunandanaḥ
vṛtaḥ pratiyayau hṛṣṭaḥ suhṛdaḥ sampraharṣayan

30. That prince of the Kurus (Duryodhana), surrounded by that entire army and Bhīma, returned joyful, delighting his friends.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by that

• सर्वसैन्येन (sarvasainyena) - by the entire army

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - By Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers). The presence of Bhīma accompanying Duryodhana in this context is contextually unusual. (by Bhīma)

• कुरुनन्दनः (kurunandanaḥ) - Duryodhana (delight of the Kurus, Kuru prince)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied, chosen

• प्रतिययौ (pratiyayau) - returned

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends

• सम्प्रहर्षयन् (sampraharṣayan) - gladdening, causing to rejoice

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Instrumental singular of 'tad' (neuter) modifying 'sarvasainyena'.

सर्वसैन्येन (sarvasainyena) - by the entire army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, entire
  adjective
• sainya – army, forces
  noun (neuter)

भीमेन (bhīmena) - By Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers). The presence of Bhīma accompanying Duryodhana in this context is contextually unusual. (by Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (proper name); terrible, dreadful

कुरुनन्दनः (kurunandanaḥ) - Duryodhana (delight of the Kurus, Kuru prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - son of Kuru, descendant of Kuru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From √nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied, chosen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to cover, surround, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ kurunandanaḥ'.

प्रतिययौ (pratiyayau) - returned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of i

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: From √i (to go) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ā'.

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - rejoiced, glad, joyful

Past Passive Participle

From √hṛṣ (to rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ kurunandanaḥ'.

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

सम्प्रहर्षयन् (sampraharṣayan) - gladdening, causing to rejoice

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣayat

harṣayat - causing to rejoice, gladdening

Present Active Participle (causative)

From √hṛṣ (to rejoice) in the causative stem 'harṣaya-', with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ kurunandanaḥ'.