महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-7, verse-22

सर्वं चागमने हेतुं स तस्मै संन्यवेदयत् ।
प्रत्युवाच ततः शौरिर्धार्तराष्ट्रमिदं वचः ॥२२॥

22. sarvaṁ cāgamane hetuṁ sa tasmai saṁnyavedayat ,
pratyuvāca tataḥ śaurirdhārtarāṣṭramidaṁ vacaḥ.

22. sarvam ca āgamane hetum saḥ tasmai samnyavedayat
pratyuvāca tataḥ śauriḥ dhārtarāṣṭram idam vacaḥ

22. Duryodhana explained to him (Balarama) all the reasons for his arrival. Then Śauri (Balarama) replied to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana) with these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• च (ca) - and, also

• आगमने (āgamane) - in the coming, concerning the arrival, for his arrival

• हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause

• सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to Balarama (to him)

• सम्न्यवेदयत् (samnyavedayat) - he reported, he explained, he informed

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• शौरिः (śauriḥ) - Balarama (or Krishna, but here Balarama) (Śauri (a patronymic, son of Śūra))

• धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - to Duryodhana (to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Modifies 'hetum'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आगमने (āgamane) - in the coming, concerning the arrival, for his arrival

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āgamana

āgamana - coming, arrival, approach

Derived from root √gam with preverb 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he/she/it

तस्मै (tasmai) - to Balarama (to him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he/she/it

सम्न्यवेदयत् (samnyavedayat) - he reported, he explained, he informed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samniveday

Causal form of root √vid (to know) with preverbs 'sam' and 'ni'. Imperfect 3rd singular active.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vid (class 10)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Perfect 3rd singular active of root √vac (to speak) with preverb 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

शौरिः (śauriḥ) - Balarama (or Krishna, but here Balarama) (Śauri (a patronymic, son of Śūra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śauri

śauri - descendant of Śūra (epithet for Krishna or Balarama)

धार्तराष्ट्रम् (dhārtarāṣṭram) - to Duryodhana (to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (refers to Duryodhana and his brothers)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement