महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-7, verse-11

अहं चाभिगतः पूर्वं त्वामद्य मधुसूदन ।
पूर्वं चाभिगतं सन्तो भजन्ते पूर्वसारिणः ॥११॥

11. ahaṁ cābhigataḥ pūrvaṁ tvāmadya madhusūdana ,
pūrvaṁ cābhigataṁ santo bhajante pūrvasāriṇaḥ.

11. aham ca abhigataḥ pūrvam tvām adya madhusūdana
pūrvam ca abhigatam santaḥ bhajante pūrvasāriṇaḥ

11. And I, O Madhusūdana, have approached you first today. Verily, the virtuous honor those who arrive first.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I (Duryodhana) (I)

• च (ca) - and

• अभिगतः (abhigataḥ) - having approached (you) (approached, arrived, gone to)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in time) (previously, first, before)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Kṛṣṇa) (you)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Madhusūdana (a name of Kṛṣṇa)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the one who came first (the first one, the first (person))

• च (ca) - and

• अभिगतम् (abhigatam) - the one who has approached (approached, arrived, gone to)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous, good people (good people, virtuous ones, existing ones)

• भजन्ते (bhajante) - they honor, they follow (they honor, serve, resort to, follow)

• पूर्वसारिणः (pūrvasāriṇaḥ) - those who arrive first (referring to Duryodhana himself) (those who go first, pioneers)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I (Duryodhana) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभिगतः (abhigataḥ) - having approached (you) (approached, arrived, gone to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhigata

abhigata - approached, arrived, gone to, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

From abhi + √gam (to go).

• abhi – towards, against, over, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix: abhi
• gata – gone, arrived, gone to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively with 'aham'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in time) (previously, first, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Kṛṣṇa) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of the participle 'abhigataḥ'.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O Madhusūdana (a name of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - Madhusūdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa, meaning 'slayer of the demon Madhu')

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – honey, sweet; (name of a demon)
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sūd (to kill, destroy).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the one who came first (the first one, the first (person))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, previous, first; east

Note: Object of the verb 'bhajante'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अभिगतम् (abhigatam) - the one who has approached (approached, arrived, gone to)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhigata

abhigata - approached, arrived, gone to, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

From abhi + √gam (to go).

• abhi – towards, against, over, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix: abhi
• gata – gone, arrived, gone to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pūrvam'.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the virtuous, good people (good people, virtuous ones, existing ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous; a good person, a sage

Present Active Participle

From √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'good people' or 'sages'.

भजन्ते (bhajante) - they honor, they follow (they honor, serve, resort to, follow)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of bhaj

Present (Laṭ)

root bhaj, Laṭ-L-kāra, 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada (middle voice).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

पूर्वसारिणः (pūrvasāriṇaḥ) - those who arrive first (referring to Duryodhana himself) (those who go first, pioneers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrvasārin

pūrvasārin - going first, going before, a leader, a precursor

Compound of pūrva (first) and sārin (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+sārin)

• pūrva – former, prior, previous, first
  adjective (masculine)
• sārin – going, moving, flowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Adjective from √sṛ
  Derived from root sṛ (to go, move) with suffix -in.
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'those who are first to arrive'.