महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-181, verse-4

ततोऽहं राममायान्तं दृष्ट्वा समरकाङ्क्षिणम् ।
धनुःश्रेष्ठं समुत्सृज्य सहसावतरं रथात् ॥४॥

4. tato'haṁ rāmamāyāntaṁ dṛṣṭvā samarakāṅkṣiṇam ,
dhanuḥśreṣṭhaṁ samutsṛjya sahasāvataraṁ rathāt.

4. tataḥ aham rāmam āyāntam dṛṣṭvā samarakāṅkṣiṇam
dhanuḥśreṣṭham samutsṛjya sahasā avataram rathāt

4. tataḥ aham samarakāṅkṣiṇam rāmam āyāntam dṛṣṭvā
dhanuḥśreṣṭham samutsṛjya sahasā rathāt avataram

4. Then, when I saw Rāma approaching, eager for battle, I quickly cast aside my excellent bow and descended from the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• अहम् (aham) - I, myself

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• समरकाङ्क्षिणम् (samarakāṅkṣiṇam) - desiring battle, eager for war

• धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - the best bow, excellent bow

• समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having cast aside, having abandoned, having given up

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• अवतरम् (avataram) - I descended, I alighted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I, myself

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject of 'avataram'.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasant

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

From root yā with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समरकाङ्क्षिणम् (samarakāṅkṣiṇam) - desiring battle, eager for war

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samarakāṅkṣin

samarakāṅkṣin - desirous of battle, eager for war

Agent noun

From root kāṅkṣ with suffix -in

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samara+kāṅkṣin)

• samara – battle, conflict, war
  noun (masculine)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root kāṅkṣ with suffix -in
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmam'.

धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - the best bow, excellent bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥśreṣṭha

dhanuḥśreṣṭha - best bow, excellent bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+śreṣṭha)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'samutsṛjya'.

समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having cast aside, having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with upasargas sam and ut, and root sṛj, with suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

अवतरम् (avataram) - I descended, I alighted

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ava-tṛ

Imperfect

First person singular imperfect, active voice

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'aham'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car