महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-181, verse-28

स मुक्तो न्यपतत्तूर्णं पार्श्वे सव्ये महाहवे ।
येनाहं भृशसंविग्नो व्याघूर्णित इव द्रुमः ॥२८॥

28. sa mukto nyapatattūrṇaṁ pārśve savye mahāhave ,
yenāhaṁ bhṛśasaṁvigno vyāghūrṇita iva drumaḥ.

28. saḥ muktaḥ nyapatat tūrṇam pārśve savye mahāhave
yena aham bhṛśasaṃvignaḥ vyāghūrṇitaḥ iva drumaḥ

28. mahāhave saḥ muktaḥ tūrṇam savye pārśve nyapatat
yena aham vyāghūrṇitaḥ drumaḥ iva bhṛśasaṃvignaḥ

28. That released arrow fell swiftly on my left side in the great battle, by which I was greatly agitated, like a tree violently swayed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (arrow) (that, he)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - released, freed, discharged

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down, dropped

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side

• सव्ये (savye) - left, on the left

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• अहम् (aham) - I

• भृशसंविग्नः (bhṛśasaṁvignaḥ) - greatly agitated, deeply distressed

• व्याघूर्णितः (vyāghūrṇitaḥ) - swayed, whirled, violently shaken

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (arrow) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrow.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - released, freed, discharged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, discharged, liberated (mokṣa)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `muc` (to release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `saḥ` (the arrow).

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect

Third person singular, active voice. Prefix `ni` (down) and augment `a` for imperfect.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: `ni` + `apatat`.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tvar` (to hasten). Often used as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - on the side

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank

Note: Location where the arrow fell.

सव्ये (savye) - left, on the left

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of savya

savya - left, left hand

Note: Qualifies `pārśve`.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• hava – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
  From root `hu` (to sacrifice), also associated with `hve` (to call) for conflict.
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Contextual location.

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to the action of the arrow falling.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Speaker (Bhishma).

भृशसंविग्नः (bhṛśasaṁvignaḥ) - greatly agitated, deeply distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśasaṃvigna

bhṛśasaṁvigna - greatly agitated, deeply distressed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+saṃvigna)

• bhṛśa – much, greatly, excessively
  indeclinable
• saṃvigna – agitated, distressed, troubled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vij` (to tremble) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `aham`.

व्याघूर्णितः (vyāghūrṇitaḥ) - swayed, whirled, violently shaken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāghūrṇita

vyāghūrṇita - swayed, whirled, agitated, violently shaken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `ghūrṇ` (to whirl, shake) with prefix `vyā`.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: ghūrṇ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aham`.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Used in comparison.