महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-181, verse-36

एवं तदभवद्युद्धं तदा भरतसत्तम ।
संध्याकाले व्यतीते तु व्यपायात्स च मे गुरुः ॥३६॥

36. evaṁ tadabhavadyuddhaṁ tadā bharatasattama ,
saṁdhyākāle vyatīte tu vyapāyātsa ca me guruḥ.

36. evam tad abhavat yuddham tadā bharatasattama
sandhyākāle vyatīte tu vyapāyāt saḥ ca me guruḥ

36. bharatasattama evam tadā tad yuddham abhavat tu
sandhyākāle vyatīte ca saḥ me guruḥ vyapāyāt

36. Thus, O best of Bharatas, that battle transpired then. However, once the evening (sandhyākāla) had passed, my revered teacher also departed.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• तद् (tad) - that, it

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O best of Bharatas!)

• सन्ध्याकाले (sandhyākāle) - at evening time, at dusk

• व्यतीते (vyatīte) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• व्यपायात् (vyapāyāt) - departed, went away, disappeared

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• च (ca) - and, also

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - the speaker's teacher, Drona (or Bhishma in context of Mahabharata) (teacher, preceptor, respected elder)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'i' (this) + 'vam' suffix.

Note: Refers to the preceding description of the battle.

तद् (tad) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `yuddham`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

Imperfect, third person, singular, active voice of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb for the first part of the sentence.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' with 'dā'-suffix indicating time.

Note: Refers to the time of the battle.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - addressed to Dhritarashtra (O best of Bharatas!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best of the Bharatas

Compound of 'bharata' (descendant of Bharata) + 'sattama' (best, superlative suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix 'tama' added to 'sat' (good, virtuous).
  Root: as (class 2)

सन्ध्याकाले (sandhyākāle) - at evening time, at dusk

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sandhyākāla

sandhyākāla - evening time, twilight, dusk (sandhyākāla)

Compound of 'sandhyā' (dusk, twilight) + 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sandhyā+kāla)

• sandhyā – dusk, twilight, conjunction
  noun (feminine)
  From 'sam-dhā' (to put together, unite).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction with `vyatīte`.

व्यतीते (vyatīte) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'i' with prefixes 'vi' and 'ati'.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with `sandhyākāle`, indicating a temporal clause.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a slight contrast or continuation.

व्यपायात् (vyapāyāt) - departed, went away, disappeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyapā

Imperfect

Imperfect, third person, singular, active voice of root 'i' with prefixes 'vi' and 'apa'.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb for the second part of the sentence.

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of `vyapāyāt`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects or emphasizes.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Enclitic form of 'asmad'.

Note: Possessive pronoun, 'my'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - the speaker's teacher, Drona (or Bhishma in context of Mahabharata) (teacher, preceptor, respected elder)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, venerable, heavy

Note: Refers to the speaker's teacher.