महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-155, verse-31

कौरवाणां कुले जातः पाण्डोः पुत्रो विशेषतः ।
द्रोणं व्यपदिशञ्शिष्यो वासुदेवसहायवान् ॥३१॥

31. kauravāṇāṁ kule jātaḥ pāṇḍoḥ putro viśeṣataḥ ,
droṇaṁ vyapadiśañśiṣyo vāsudevasahāyavān.

31. kauravāṇām kule jātaḥ pāṇḍoḥ putraḥ viśeṣataḥ
droṇam vyapadiśan śiṣyaḥ vāsudevasahāyavān

31. kauravāṇām kule jātaḥ pāṇḍoḥ putraḥ viśeṣataḥ
droṇam śiṣyaḥ vyapadiśan vāsudevasahāyavān

31. Born in the lineage of the Kauravas, specifically the son of Pāṇḍu, professing to be a disciple of Droṇa, and having Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa) as his helper.

Words meanings summery:

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• कुले (kule) - in the lineage (in the family, in the lineage, in the clan)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, generated, happened)

• पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically, in particular)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

• व्यपदिशन् (vyapadiśan) - professing to be (professing, calling oneself, naming, indicating)

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple (disciple, pupil, student)

• वासुदेवसहायवान् (vāsudevasahāyavān) - having Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa) as his helper (having Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa) as helper/companion)

Words meanings and morphology

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru dynasty

Derived from Kuru.

Note: Refers to the ancestry.

कुले (kule) - in the lineage (in the family, in the lineage, in the clan)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race, community, noble house

जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, generated, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, happened, become, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring, descendant

Note: Modifies the implied subject (e.g., Arjuna).

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically, in particular)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -tas from viśeṣa (distinction).

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of the teacher))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (the royal guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Object of 'vyapadiśan'.

व्यपदिशन् (vyapadiśan) - professing to be (professing, calling oneself, naming, indicating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapadiśat

vyapadiśat - professing, calling oneself, naming, designating

Present Active Participle

From root diś (to point out, show) with prefixes vi- and apa-.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (e.g., Arjuna).

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple (disciple, pupil, student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil, student, one to be taught

Gerundive (literally 'to be taught')

From root śās (to teach, instruct).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Predicative noun with 'vyapadiśan'.

वासुदेवसहायवान् (vāsudevasahāyavān) - having Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa) as his helper (having Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa) as helper/companion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudevasahāyavat

vāsudevasahāyavat - having Vasudeva as helper, accompanied by Kṛṣṇa

Bahuvrīhi compound with the possessive suffix -mat.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vāsudeva+sahāya+mat)

• vāsudeva – Vasudeva (father of Kṛṣṇa, or Kṛṣṇa himself as son of Vasudeva)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Son of Vasudeva, referring to Kṛṣṇa.
• sahāya – helper, companion, associate, assistance
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix sa- (with) and root hā (to go, move).
  Prefix: sa
  Root: hā (class 3)
• mat – possessing, having (suffix)
  suffix (masculine)
  Primary suffix (taddhita) used to form adjectives denoting possession. Becomes 'vat' after stems ending in 'a' or 'ā' and 'mat' otherwise. Here it's 'vat' but combines as 'vān' in nominative masculine singular.