महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-155, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु भीष्मकस्य महात्मनः ।
हिरण्यलोम्नो नृपतेः साक्षादिन्द्रसखस्य वै ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etasminneva kāle tu bhīṣmakasya mahātmanaḥ ,
hiraṇyalomno nṛpateḥ sākṣādindrasakhasya vai.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etasmin eva kāle tu bhīṣmakasya
mahātmanaḥ hiraṇyalomnaḥ nṛpateḥ sākṣāt indrasakhasya vai

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tu etasmin eva kāle mahātmanaḥ nṛpateḥ
sākṣāt indrasakhasya vai bhīṣmakasya hiraṇyalomnaḥ (varṇanam)

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Now, at that very time, concerning the great-souled Bhīṣmaka, the king named Hiraṇyaloman, who was indeed a direct friend of Indra—

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at that (in this, at this)

• एव (eva) - very (only, just, indeed, very)

• काले (kāle) - at time (at time, in time)

• तु (tu) - now (introducing a new topic) (but, yet, however, indeed, now)

• भीष्मकस्य (bhīṣmakasya) - of Bhīṣmaka

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• हिरण्यलोम्नः (hiraṇyalomnaḥ) - of Hiraṇyaloman (the king's name) (of Hiraṇyaloman (golden-haired))

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (directly, visibly, in person)

• इन्द्रसखस्य (indrasakhasya) - of the friend of Indra

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at that (in this, at this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Agrees with `kāle`.

एव (eva) - very (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `etasmin kāle`.

काले (kāle) - at time (at time, in time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, opportunity

तु (tu) - now (introducing a new topic) (but, yet, however, indeed, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to introduce a new topic or a slight shift in narrative.

भीष्मकस्य (bhīṣmakasya) - of Bhīṣmaka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣmaka

bhīṣmaka - Bhīṣmaka (name of a king, father of Rukmiṇī)

Note: This series of genitives describes the person whose story is about to be told.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great being

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `bhīṣmakasya`.

हिरण्यलोम्नः (hiraṇyalomnaḥ) - of Hiraṇyaloman (the king's name) (of Hiraṇyaloman (golden-haired))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hiraṇyaloman

hiraṇyaloman - golden-haired, name of a king

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hiraṇya+loman)

• hiraṇya – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• loman – hair, wool, down
  noun (neuter)

Note: Another name or epithet for Bhīṣmaka.

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

Derived from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `bhīṣmakasya` and `hiraṇyalomnaḥ`.

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (directly, visibly, in person)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `indrasakhasya`.

इन्द्रसखस्य (indrasakhasya) - of the friend of Indra

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indrasakha

indrasakha - friend of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+sakha)

• indra – Indra (name of the king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `bhīṣmakasya` and `hiraṇyalomnaḥ`.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.