महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-132, verse-13

पतिपुत्रवधादेतत्परमं दुःखमब्रवीत् ।
दारिद्र्यमिति यत्प्रोक्तं पर्यायमरणं हि तत् ॥१३॥

13. patiputravadhādetatparamaṁ duḥkhamabravīt ,
dāridryamiti yatproktaṁ paryāyamaraṇaṁ hi tat.

13. patiputravadhāt etat paramam duḥkham abravīt
dāridryam iti yat proktam paryāyamaraṇam hi tat

13. etat duḥkham,
patiputravadhāt paramam abravīt; yat dāridryam iti proktam,
tat hi paryāyamaraṇam

13. It was declared that this (poverty) is a supreme sorrow, worse than the death of a husband and sons. For what is called poverty (dāridrya) is indeed a continuous dying.

Words meanings summery:

• पतिपुत्रवधात् (patiputravadhāt) - than the slaying of husband and sons

• एतत् (etat) - this

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she/it said, declared

• दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty, indigence

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation or direct speech)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed

• पर्यायमरणम् (paryāyamaraṇam) - repeated death, continuous dying, death in turns

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• तत् (tat) - that

Words meanings and morphology

पतिपुत्रवधात् (patiputravadhāt) - than the slaying of husband and sons

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of patiputravadha

patiputravadha - the killing/slaying of husband and sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pati+putra+vadha)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – slaying, killing, murder
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root √vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: √vadh (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, utmost, excellent, ultimate

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she/it said, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of √brū

Root: √brū (class 2)

दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty, indigence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāridrya

dāridrya - poverty, indigence, destitution

Derived from daridra (poor).

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks a quotation or direct speech)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, said, proclaimed, spoken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √vac (to speak) with upasarga pra- and suffix -kta (ta). The root √vac undergoes va-saṃprasāraṇa (u).

Prefix: pra

Root: √vac (class 2)

पर्यायमरणम् (paryāyamaraṇam) - repeated death, continuous dying, death in turns

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paryāyamaraṇa

paryāyamaraṇa - repeated death, death in turns, gradual death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (paryāya+maraṇa)

• paryāya – turn, course, sequence, rotation, alternative
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix pari- and root √i (to go).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: √i (class 2)
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root √mṛ (to die) with suffix -ana.
  Root: √mṛ (class 6)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)