महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-131, verse-4

विदुरा नाम वै सत्या जगर्हे पुत्रमौरसम् ।
निर्जितं सिन्धुराजेन शयानं दीनचेतसम् ।
अनन्दनमधर्मज्ञं द्विषतां हर्षवर्धनम् ॥४॥

4. vidurā nāma vai satyā jagarhe putramaurasam ,
nirjitaṁ sindhurājena śayānaṁ dīnacetasam ,
anandanamadharmajñaṁ dviṣatāṁ harṣavardhanam.

4. vidurā nāma vai satyā jagarhe putram
aurasam nirjitam sindhurājena
śayānam dīnacetasam anandanam
adharmajñam dviṣatām harṣavardhanam

4. vidurā nāma vai satyā aurasam putram
nirjitam sindhurājena śayānam
dīnacetasam anandanam adharmajñam
dviṣatām harṣavardhanam jagarhe

4. Vidura, indeed a truthful woman (Satyā), reproached her own legitimate son who had been defeated by the King of Sindhu, was lying there with a sorrowful heart, not rejoicing, ignorant of righteous conduct (dharma), and causing delight to his enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरा (vidurā) - Vidura (a proper name)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• सत्या (satyā) - Describes Vidura as a truthful and virtuous woman. (truthful, virtuous, righteous)

• जगर्हे (jagarhe) - reproached, blamed, rebuked

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• औरसम् (aurasam) - legitimate, born from one's own body

• निर्जितम् (nirjitam) - defeated, conquered

• सिन्धुराजेन (sindhurājena) - by the king of Sindhu

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, reposing, sleeping

• दीनचेतसम् (dīnacetasam) - with a dejected mind, sorrowful-hearted

• अनन्दनम् (anandanam) - not rejoicing, joyless

• अधर्मज्ञम् (adharmajñam) - ignorant of natural law (dharma) or righteousness, unrighteous

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

• हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - causing joy, increasing delight

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरा (vidurā) - Vidura (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidurā

vidurā - Vidura (name of a wise woman)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

सत्या (satyā) - Describes Vidura as a truthful and virtuous woman. (truthful, virtuous, righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyā

satya - true, real, truthful, virtuous, reality, truth

जगर्हे (jagarhe) - reproached, blamed, rebuked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of garh

Perfect Middle

3rd person singular Perfect Middle

Root: garh (class 1)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

औरसम् (aurasam) - legitimate, born from one's own body

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aurasa

aurasa - legitimate, born from one's own body, true-born

Derived from 'uras' (chest/breast)

निर्जितम् (nirjitam) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirjita

ji - to conquer, to win

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with upasarga nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

सिन्धुराजेन (sindhurājena) - by the king of Sindhu

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu (region or river)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rāja)

• sindhu – Indus river, the region of Sindh
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying, reposing, sleeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śī - to lie down, to sleep, to rest

Present Active Participle (Middle)

Derived from root śī (to lie down)

Root: śī (class 2)

दीनचेतसम् (dīnacetasam) - with a dejected mind, sorrowful-hearted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīnacetas

dīnacetas - one whose mind is dejected, sorrowful, distressed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+cetas)

• dīna – dejected, miserable, distressed, sorrowful
  adjective (masculine)
• cetas – mind, heart, intellect
  noun (neuter)

अनन्दनम् (anandanam) - not rejoicing, joyless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anandana

anandana - not rejoicing, joyless, causing no joy

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nandana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nandana – rejoicing, delighting, gladdening
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

अधर्मज्ञम् (adharmajñam) - ignorant of natural law (dharma) or righteousness, unrighteous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharmajña

adharmajña - ignorant of (dharma) duty/righteousness, unrighteous

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, understanding, familiar with
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣ - to hate, to be hostile

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural of Present Active Participle of root 'dviṣ'

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - causing joy, increasing delight

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣavardhana

harṣavardhana - causing joy, increasing delight, gladdening

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (harṣa+vardhana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
• vardhana – increasing, causing to grow, promoting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Causative Nominal Derivative
  Derived from causative of root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)