महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-131, verse-18

शत्रुर्निमज्जता ग्राह्यो जङ्घायां प्रपतिष्यता ।
विपरिच्छिन्नमूलोऽपि न विषीदेत्कथंचन ।
उद्यम्य धुरमुत्कर्षेदाजानेयकृतं स्मरन् ॥१८॥

18. śatrurnimajjatā grāhyo jaṅghāyāṁ prapatiṣyatā ,
viparicchinnamūlo'pi na viṣīdetkathaṁcana ,
udyamya dhuramutkarṣedājāneyakṛtaṁ smaran.

18. śatruḥ nimajjatā grāhyaḥ jaṅghāyāṃ
prapatisyatā | viparicchinna-mūlaḥ
api na viṣīdet kathaṃcana | udyamya
dhuraṃ utkarṣet ājāneyakṛtaṃ smaran

18. nimajjatā prapatisyatā (api) jaṅghāyāṃ śatruḥ grāhyaḥ.
viparicchinna-mūlaḥ api kathaṃcana na viṣīdet.
ājāneyakṛtaṃ smaran dhuraṃ udyamya utkarṣet.

18. Even a man who is sinking and about to fall should seize his enemy by the thigh. Though completely uprooted, one should never despond in any way. Lifting the burden, one should strive, remembering the deeds of a noble steed.

Words meanings summery:

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy (enemy, adversary)

• निमज्जता (nimajjatā) - by one who is sinking (by one sinking, plunging, drowning)

• ग्राह्यः (grāhyaḥ) - to be seized (to be seized, to be caught, to be grasped, acceptable)

• जङ्घायां (jaṅghāyāṁ) - by the thigh (on the thigh, by the thigh, in the leg)

• प्रपतिस्यता (prapatisyatā) - by one about to fall (by one about to fall, intending to fall)

• विपरिच्छिन्न-मूलः (viparicchinna-mūlaḥ) - one who is completely uprooted (literally, whose root is severed) (one whose root is completely cut off, completely uprooted)

• अपि (api) - though, even (even, also, although)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विषीदेत् (viṣīdet) - one should despond (one should despond, be dejected, become disheartened)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way (in any way, by any means, somehow or other)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having lifted (having lifted, having undertaken, having raised)

• धुरं (dhuraṁ) - burden (burden, yoke, responsibility)

• उत्कर्षेत् (utkarṣet) - one should strive, exert oneself (one should strive, exert oneself, draw up, lift up)

• आजानेयकृतं (ājāneyakṛtaṁ) - the deeds of a noble steed (deed of a noble steed, action suitable for a noble horse)

• स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

Words meanings and morphology

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy (enemy, adversary)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, rival, foe, adversary

Note: Subject of 'grāhyaḥ'.

निमज्जता (nimajjatā) - by one who is sinking (by one sinking, plunging, drowning)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nimajjat

nimajjat - sinking, plunging, immersing, drowning

Present Active Participle

From prefix 'ni-' and root '√majj' (to sink, plunge). Masculine/neuter instrumental singular.

Prefix: ni

Root: √majj (class 6)

Note: Used to qualify the implied agent.

ग्राह्यः (grāhyaḥ) - to be seized (to be seized, to be caught, to be grasped, acceptable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāhya

grāhya - to be seized, to be taken, to be grasped, to be accepted, proper to be seized

Gerundive

From root '√grah' (to seize, take) with suffix '-ya'. Masculine nominative singular.

Root: √grah (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'śatruḥ'.

जङ्घायां (jaṅghāyāṁ) - by the thigh (on the thigh, by the thigh, in the leg)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jaṅghā

jaṅghā - leg, shank, thigh

Note: Indicates the specific part to seize.

प्रपतिस्यता (prapatisyatā) - by one about to fall (by one about to fall, intending to fall)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prapatisyat

prapatisyat - about to fall, intending to fall, destined to fall

Future Active Participle

From prefix 'pra-' and root '√pat' (to fall) with future suffix '-sya-' and present participle suffix '-t'. Masculine/neuter instrumental singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: √pat (class 1)

Note: Used to qualify the implied agent.

विपरिच्छिन्न-मूलः (viparicchinna-mūlaḥ) - one who is completely uprooted (literally, whose root is severed) (one whose root is completely cut off, completely uprooted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viparicchinna-mūla

viparicchinna-mūla - one whose root is completely cut off, entirely uprooted, utterly destroyed

Compound of 'viparicchinna' (completely cut off) and 'mūla' (root).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viparicchinna+mūla)

• viparicchinna – completely cut off, severed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'vi-' + 'pari-' and root '√chid' (to cut, break)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: √chid (class 7)
• mūla – root, origin, source, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'viṣīdet'.

अपि (api) - though, even (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विषीदेत् (viṣīdet) - one should despond (one should despond, be dejected, become disheartened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √sad

Optative

From prefix 'vi-' and root '√sad' (to sit, sink, become dejected). 3rd person singular, optative active, parasmaipada.

Prefix: vi

Root: √sad (class 1)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way (in any way, by any means, somehow or other)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'katham' (how) and 'cana' (an emphatic particle).

Compound type : karmadharaya (katham+cana)

• katham – how, in what manner
  indeclinable
• cana – and, also, even, at all (used as an emphatic particle)
  indeclinable

Note: Often used with a negative to mean 'never at all'.

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having lifted (having lifted, having undertaken, having raised)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'ud-' + '√yam' (to restrain, hold, lift) with suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ud

Root: √yam (class 1)

धुरं (dhuraṁ) - burden (burden, yoke, responsibility)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - burden, load, yoke, responsibility, front part of a carriage

Note: Object of 'udyamya' and 'utkarṣet'.

उत्कर्षेत् (utkarṣet) - one should strive, exert oneself (one should strive, exert oneself, draw up, lift up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √kṛṣ

Optative

From prefix 'ud-' and root '√kṛṣ' (to draw, pull; often with 'ud' means to pull up, elevate, or strive). 3rd person singular, optative active, parasmaipada.

Prefix: ud

Root: √kṛṣ (class 1)

आजानेयकृतं (ājāneyakṛtaṁ) - the deeds of a noble steed (deed of a noble steed, action suitable for a noble horse)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ājāneyakṛta

ājāneyakṛta - an action done by a noble horse, deed of a noble steed, appropriate for a noble horse

Compound of 'ājāneya' (noble steed) and 'kṛta' (done, deed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ājāneya+kṛta)

• ājāneya – a horse of noble breed, noble steed, thoroughbred
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'ājāna' (birth, race)
• kṛta – done, made, deed, act, work
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kṛ 'to do, make'
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smarat

smarat - remembering, recalling, thinking of

Present Active Participle

From root '√smṛ' (to remember). Masculine nominative singular.

Root: √smṛ (class 1)