महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-131, verse-22

श्रुतेन तपसा वापि श्रिया वा विक्रमेण वा ।
जनान्योऽभिभवत्यन्यान्कर्मणा हि स वै पुमान् ॥२२॥

22. śrutena tapasā vāpi śriyā vā vikrameṇa vā ,
janānyo'bhibhavatyanyānkarmaṇā hi sa vai pumān.

22. śrutena tapasā vā api śriyā vā vikrameṇa vā janān
yaḥ abhibhavati anyān karmaṇā hi saḥ vai pumān

22. hi vai saḥ pumān yaḥ śrutena tapasā vā api śriyā
vā vikrameṇa vā karmaṇā janān anyān abhibhavati

22. Indeed, that person who overcomes others through learning, or through austerity (tapas), or through wealth, or through valor, truly achieves this through his deeds (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by learning, by knowledge, by sacred tradition

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - Used here with `vā` to mean "whether...or" or simply "or". (also, even, too)

• श्रिया (śriyā) - by wealth, by glory, by prosperity

• वा (vā) - or, either

• विक्रमेण (vikrameṇa) - by valor, by prowess, by heroic stride

• वा (vā) - or, either

• जनान् (janān) - people, persons

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - overcomes, surpasses, defeats, dominates

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by his specific actions (karma) or deeds that lead to superiority. (by action, by deed, by work)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

• पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a person

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by learning, by knowledge, by sacred tradition

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, knowledge, sacred tradition

Past Passive Participle

From root `śru` (to hear) + suffix `ta`.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Means "by means of learning/knowledge".

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor

From root `tap` (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Means "by means of austerity (tapas)".

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in a series of options.

अपि (api) - Used here with `vā` to mean "whether...or" or simply "or". (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: In `vā api`, it reinforces the disjunction, meaning "or else".

श्रिया (śriyā) - by wealth, by glory, by prosperity

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - wealth, prosperity, glory, beauty, radiance

ī-ending feminine noun.

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Means "by means of wealth/glory".

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in a series of options.

विक्रमेण (vikrameṇa) - by valor, by prowess, by heroic stride

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - valor, prowess, courage, heroic stride

From `vi` + root `kram` (to step).

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Means "by means of valor".

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in a series of options.

जनान् (janān) - people, persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature, man

From root `jan` (to be born).

Root: jan (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause "who overcomes others".

अभिभवति (abhibhavati) - overcomes, surpasses, defeats, dominates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhibhū

Present active indicative

From `abhi` + root `bhū` (to be, to become).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for the clause with `yaḥ`.

अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Object of `abhibhavati`.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by his specific actions (karma) or deeds that lead to superiority. (by action, by deed, by work)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the means by which one overcomes others.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Causal/emphatic particle.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Masculine singular nominative form of `tad`.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Often used with `hi` for strong emphasis.

पुमान् (pumān) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puman

puman - man, male, person, human being

n-ending masculine noun.

Note: The main subject of the sentence.