महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-131, verse-24

यमेनमभिनन्देयुरमित्राः पुरुषं कृशम् ।
लोकस्य समवज्ञातं निहीनाशनवाससम् ॥२४॥

24. yamenamabhinandeyuramitrāḥ puruṣaṁ kṛśam ,
lokasya samavajñātaṁ nihīnāśanavāsasam.

24. yam enam abhinandeyuḥ amitrāḥ puruṣam kṛśam
lokasya samavajñātam nihīnāśanavāsasam

24. amitrāḥ enam kṛśam lokasya samavajñātam
nihīnāśanavāsasam puruṣam yam abhinandeyuḥ

24. This weak man (puruṣa), utterly despised by the world, whose food and clothing are inferior—such a person whom even his enemies would approve of.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• एनम् (enam) - this, him

• अभिनन्देयुः (abhinandeyuḥ) - they would praise, they would approve, they would welcome

• अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies, foes

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person (puruṣa), male

• कृशम् (kṛśam) - weak, lean, meager, emaciated

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - by the people (agent of despising) (of the world, of the people)

• समवज्ञातम् (samavajñātam) - utterly despised, scorned, completely disregarded

• निहीनाशनवाससम् (nihīnāśanavāsasam) - whose food and clothing are inferior/mean/degraded

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

एनम् (enam) - this, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

अभिनन्देयुः (abhinandeyuḥ) - they would praise, they would approve, they would welcome

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of abhinand

Optative active

From `abhi` + root `nand` (to rejoice).

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Expresses a potential or hypothetical action.

अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

From `a` (negation) + `mitra` (friend).

Note: Subject of `abhinandeyuḥ`.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person (puruṣa), male

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, spirit, cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Object of `abhinandeyuḥ`.

कृशम् (kṛśam) - weak, lean, meager, emaciated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, weak, meager, emaciated

From root `kṛś` (to make thin).

Root: kṛś (class 1)

लोकस्य (lokasya) - by the people (agent of despising) (of the world, of the people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, region, community

From root `lok` (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Genitive of agency or possessive. "Despised by the world/people".

समवज्ञातम् (samavajñātam) - utterly despised, scorned, completely disregarded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samavajñāta

samavajñāta - utterly despised, scorned, completely disregarded, humiliated

Past Passive Participle

From `sam` + `ava` + root `jñā` (to know/perceive), meaning to disregard.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

निहीनाशनवाससम् (nihīnāśanavāsasam) - whose food and clothing are inferior/mean/degraded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihīnāśanavāsas

nihīnāśanavāsas - having inferior food and clothing, whose food and clothes are degraded

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nihīna+aśana+vāsas)

• nihīna – inferior, degraded, abandoned, low
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `ni` + root `hā` (to abandon, to leave).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: hā (class 3)
• aśana – food, eating
  noun (neuter)
  From root `aś` (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)
• vāsas – clothing, garment, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vas` (to wear, to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Compound describing the `puruṣam`.