महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-131, verse-33

पुरं विषहते यस्मात्तस्मात्पुरुष उच्यते ।
तमाहुर्व्यर्थनामानं स्त्रीवद्य इह जीवति ॥३३॥

33. puraṁ viṣahate yasmāttasmātpuruṣa ucyate ,
tamāhurvyarthanāmānaṁ strīvadya iha jīvati.

33. puram viṣahate yasmāt tasmāt puruṣaḥ ucyate
tam āhuḥ vyarthanāmānam strīvat yaḥ iha jīvati

33. yasmāt puram viṣahate tasmāt puruṣaḥ ucyate
yaḥ iha strīvat jīvati tam vyarthanāmānam āhuḥ

33. Because one controls the body (pura), they are called a cosmic person (puruṣa). But one who lives in this world like a woman, they call a person whose name is meaningless.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरम् (puram) - the physical body (city, body, abode)

• विषहते (viṣahate) - he controls (the body) (he endures, tolerates, overcomes, controls)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which (from which, because of which, therefore)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, for that reason)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, male, cosmic person)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• व्यर्थनामानम् (vyarthanāmānam) - having a meaningless name, one whose name is useless

• स्त्रीवत् (strīvat) - like a woman, similar to a woman

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this place)

• जीवति (jīvati) - he lives, exists

Words meanings and morphology

पुरम् (puram) - the physical body (city, body, abode)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, stronghold, body

विषहते (viṣahate) - he controls (the body) (he endures, tolerates, overcomes, controls)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of viṣah

Prefix: vi

Root: sah (class 1)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because of which (from which, because of which, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - the cosmic person (puruṣa) (man, person, male, cosmic person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of āh

Perfect tense form of 'vac' (or root 'ah')

Root: ah

व्यर्थनामानम् (vyarthanāmānam) - having a meaningless name, one whose name is useless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyarthanāman

vyarthanāman - one whose name is useless, having a meaningless name

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyartha+nāman)

• vyartha – fruitless, useless, meaningless, vain
  adjective
  Prefix: vi
  Root: artha
• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)

स्त्रीवत् (strīvat) - like a woman, similar to a woman

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this place)

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - he lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)