महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-28, verse-30

श्यामं बृहन्तं तरुणं चर्मिणामुत्तमं रणे ।
नकुलं ते वने दृष्ट्वा कस्मान्मन्युर्न वर्धते ॥३०॥

30. śyāmaṁ bṛhantaṁ taruṇaṁ carmiṇāmuttamaṁ raṇe ,
nakulaṁ te vane dṛṣṭvā kasmānmanyurna vardhate.

30. śyāmam bṛhantam taruṇam carmiṇām uttamam raṇe
nakulam te vane dṛṣṭvā kasmāt manyuḥ na vardhate

30. Why does your anger not increase when you see Nakula—dark, mighty, young, and foremost among warriors in battle—now dwelling in the forest?

Words meanings summery:

• श्यामम् (śyāmam) - dark, black, dark-complexioned

• बृहन्तम् (bṛhantam) - large, great, mighty

• तरुणम् (taruṇam) - young, youthful

• चर्मिणाम् (carmiṇām) - among warriors (literally 'of those having armor/shields') (of those bearing shields, of warriors)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, foremost, supreme

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

• ते (te) - your (anger), to you (agent of seeing) (your, to you, by you)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

• न (na) - not, no

• वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

Words meanings and morphology

श्यामम् (śyāmam) - dark, black, dark-complexioned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śyāma

śyāma - dark, black, dark-complexioned, greenish-black

Note: Modifies `nakulam`.

बृहन्तम् (bṛhantam) - large, great, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bṛhat

bṛhat - great, large, mighty, vast

Note: Modifies `nakulam`.

तरुणम् (taruṇam) - young, youthful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful, fresh

Note: Modifies `nakulam`.

चर्मिणाम् (carmiṇām) - among warriors (literally 'of those having armor/shields') (of those bearing shields, of warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of carmin

carmin - shield-bearer, warrior (one with armor or hide)

Derived from `carman` (skin, hide, shield) with suffix `-in`

Note: Possessive/partitive genitive for 'uttamam'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - best, foremost, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, supreme, excellent

Superlative degree from `ud`

Note: Modifies `nakulam`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, joy

Root: raṇ (class 1)

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pandava brothers), mongoose

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

ते (te) - your (anger), to you (agent of seeing) (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Functions possessively ('your anger') and as the implied agent of the absolutive 'dṛṣṭvā'.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `√dṛś` (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Used here as an adverbial interrogative 'why'.

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - anger, wrath, passion

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √vṛdh

Present (Laṭ) 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)