महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-28, verse-27

यो देवांश्च मनुष्यांश्च सर्पांश्चैकरथोऽजयत् ।
तं ते वनगतं दृष्ट्वा कस्मान्मन्युर्न वर्धते ॥२७॥

27. yo devāṁśca manuṣyāṁśca sarpāṁścaikaratho'jayat ,
taṁ te vanagataṁ dṛṣṭvā kasmānmanyurna vardhate.

27. yaḥ devān ca manuṣyān ca sarpān ca eka-rathaḥ ajayat
tam te vanagatam dṛṣṭvā kasmāt manyuḥ na vardhate

27. Why does your anger not increase when you see him, who with a single chariot conquered gods, humans, and serpents, now living in the forest?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

• च (ca) - and, also

• मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - humans, men

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्पान् (sarpān) - serpents, snakes

• च (ca) - and, also

• एक-रथः (eka-rathaḥ) - having one chariot, with a single chariot

• अजयत् (ajayat) - conquered, won

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• ते (te) - your (anger), to you (agent of seeing) (your, to you, by you)

• वनगतम् (vanagatam) - gone to the forest, residing in the forest

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

• न (na) - not, no

• वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - humans, men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, man, person

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्पान् (sarpān) - serpents, snakes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एक-रथः (eka-rathaḥ) - having one chariot, with a single chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka-ratha

eka-ratha - having a single chariot, sole charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the subject (yaḥ).

अजयत् (ajayat) - conquered, won

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √ji

Imperfect (Laṅ) 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: ji (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

ते (te) - your (anger), to you (agent of seeing) (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Functions possessively ('your anger') and as the implied agent of the absolutive 'dṛṣṭvā'.

वनगतम् (vanagatam) - gone to the forest, residing in the forest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanagata

vanagata - gone to the forest, dwelling in the forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gata)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached, resorted to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `√gam` (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `√dṛś` (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Used here as an adverbial interrogative 'why'.

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - anger, wrath, passion

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √vṛdh

Present (Laṭ) 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)