महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-28, verse-12

यदपश्यं सभायां त्वां राजभिः परिवारितम् ।
तच्च राजन्नपश्यन्त्याः का शान्तिर्हृदयस्य मे ॥१२॥

12. yadapaśyaṁ sabhāyāṁ tvāṁ rājabhiḥ parivāritam ,
tacca rājannapaśyantyāḥ kā śāntirhṛdayasya me.

12. yat apaśyam sabhāyām tvām rājabhiḥ parivāritam
tat ca rājan apaśyantyāḥ kā śāntiḥ hṛdayasya me

12. O King, what peace can there be for my heart when I no longer see you, whom I once saw surrounded by kings in the assembly?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whom (which, that, what)

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw (I saw, I beheld)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the court)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (masculine) (you)

• राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings

• परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous clause) (that, therefore, then)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• अपश्यन्त्याः (apaśyantyāḥ) - for me, not seeing (of the one not seeing, for the one not seeing (feminine))

• का (kā) - what (what (feminine), which)

• शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace (peace, tranquility, calm, cessation)

• हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) - of the heart

• मे (me) - my (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whom (which, that, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Object of 'apaśyam', refers to the state described later.

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw (I saw, I beheld)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense (past)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) in the imperfect tense, 1st person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the court)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, meeting hall

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (masculine) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, enclose) with prefix 'pari-'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'tvām'.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous clause) (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tat

tat - that, that one; therefore, then

Note: Used here almost adverbially, meaning 'consequently' or 'in that situation'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अपश्यन्त्याः (apaśyantyāḥ) - for me, not seeing (of the one not seeing, for the one not seeing (feminine))

(participle)

Genitive, feminine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, unseeing

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with negative prefix 'a-'. Feminine genitive singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Draupadī, the speaker.

का (kā) - what (what (feminine), which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which?

Note: Agrees with 'śāntiḥ'.

शान्तिः (śāntiḥ) - peace (peace, tranquility, calm, cessation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, calm, quiet, cessation, alleviation of pain

From root 'śam' (to be calm, cease).

Root: śam (class 4)

हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) - of the heart

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, breast, interior

मे (me) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our