महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-28, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो वनगताः पार्थाः सायाह्ने सह कृष्णया ।
उपविष्टाः कथाश्चक्रुर्दुःखशोकपरायणाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato vanagatāḥ pārthāḥ sāyāhne saha kṛṣṇayā ,
upaviṣṭāḥ kathāścakrurduḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ vanagatāḥ pārthāḥ sāyāhne saha
kṛṣṇayā upaviṣṭāḥ kathāḥ cakruḥ duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, in the evening, the Pārthas, who had gone to the forest, sat down with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) and engaged in discussions, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• वनगताः (vanagatāḥ) - gone to the forest, residing in the forest

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas)

• सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• कृष्णया (kṛṣṇayā) - with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

• उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sat down

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, talks, discussions

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they discussed

• दुःखशोकपरायणाः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ) - engrossed in sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a proper name, sage who recited the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

वनगताः (vanagatāḥ) - gone to the forest, residing in the forest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanagata

vanagata - gone to the forest, forest-dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gata)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, went, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā, i.e., the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, a Pāṇḍava prince

सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāyāhna

sāyāhna - evening

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

कृष्णया (kṛṣṇayā) - with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī), dark-skinned woman

उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sat down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down, present

Past Passive Participle

derived from upa-√viś (to sit down)

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, talks, discussions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, discourse, conversation

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they discussed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुःखशोकपरायणाः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇāḥ) - engrossed in sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa

duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa - engrossed in sorrow and grief, devoted to distress and lamentation

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duḥkha+śoka+parāyaṇa)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, distress
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• parāyaṇa – ultimate resort, main object, engrossed in
  noun (neuter)