महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-277, verse-39

सा हैमं रथमास्थाय स्थविरैः सचिवैर्वृता ।
तपोवनानि रम्याणि राजर्षीणां जगाम ह ॥३९॥

39. sā haimaṁ rathamāsthāya sthaviraiḥ sacivairvṛtā ,
tapovanāni ramyāṇi rājarṣīṇāṁ jagāma ha.

39. sā haimam ratham āsthāya sthaviraiḥ sacivaiḥ
vṛtā tapovanāni ramyāṇi rājarṣīṇām jagāma ha

39. Having mounted a golden chariot and accompanied by her elderly ministers, she went to the charming hermitages of the royal sages.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• हैमम् (haimam) - golden, made of gold

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot, carriage

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken recourse to

• स्थविरैः (sthaviraiḥ) - by the old, by the venerable

• सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - by the ministers, by the companions

• वृता (vṛtā) - surrounded, accompanied, covered

• तपोवनानि (tapovanāni) - hermitages, ascetic groves

• रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - charming, beautiful, delightful

• राजर्षीणाम् (rājarṣīṇām) - of the royal sages

• जगाम (jagāma) - went

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an expletive

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हैमम् (haimam) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of haima

haima - golden, made of gold

Derived from hima (snow, gold), suggesting 'like gold' or 'from the Himalayas' metaphorically golden.

Note: Agrees with ratham

रथम् (ratham) - chariot, carriage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, carriage

Root: ram (class 1)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken recourse to

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from ā- + sthā- (to stand) + -ya (absolutive suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

स्थविरैः (sthaviraiḥ) - by the old, by the venerable

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sthavira

sthavira - old, ancient, firm, stable, elderly

Note: Agrees with sacivaiḥ

सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - by the ministers, by the companions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - companion, associate, minister

वृता (vṛtā) - surrounded, accompanied, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From verb root vṛ (to cover, to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with sā

तपोवनानि (tapovanāni) - hermitages, ascetic groves

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tapovana

tapovana - hermitage, forest of austerities (tapas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vana – forest, grove, wood
  noun (neuter)

रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - charming, beautiful, delightful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ramya

ramya - charming, beautiful, delightful, pleasant

Gerundive

From root ram (to enjoy, delight) + -ya.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tapovanāni

राजर्षीणाम् (rājarṣīṇām) - of the royal sages

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

जगाम (jagāma) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect form, often used in narration

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an expletive

(indeclinable)