महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-277, verse-21

कस्मिंश्चित्तु गते काले स राजा नियतव्रतः ।
ज्येष्ठायां धर्मचारिण्यां महिष्यां गर्भमादधे ॥२१॥

21. kasmiṁścittu gate kāle sa rājā niyatavrataḥ ,
jyeṣṭhāyāṁ dharmacāriṇyāṁ mahiṣyāṁ garbhamādadhe.

21. kasmin cit tu gate kāle saḥ rājā niyatavrataḥ |
jyeṣṭhāyām dharmacāriṇyām mahiṣyām garbham ādade

21. After a certain period of time had elapsed, that king, who was steadfast in his observances, impregnated his eldest and virtuous chief queen.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in a certain (in which, in some, in a certain)

• चित् (cit) - (makes 'kasmin' indefinite) (indeed, even, a particle making pronouns indefinite)

• तु (tu) - now, indeed (introducing a new phase) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• गते (gate) - when it had passed (gone, passed, elapsed)

• काले (kāle) - in time, a period of time (in time, in due course, at a particular time)

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dyumatsena) (king, ruler)

• नियतव्रतः (niyatavrataḥ) - steadfast in his observances (one who has taken a firm vow, steadfast in observances)

• ज्येष्ठायाम् (jyeṣṭhāyām) - in his eldest (in the eldest, in the chief)

• धर्मचारिण्याम् (dharmacāriṇyām) - in his virtuous (queen) (in the one who practices dharma, virtuous, righteous)

• महिष्याम् (mahiṣyām) - in his chief queen (in the chief queen)

• गर्भम् (garbham) - an embryo (embryo, fetus, womb, interior)

• आदधे (ādadhe) - caused conception, impregnated (placed, deposited, took, received, conceived, bore)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in a certain (in which, in some, in a certain)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, some

Note: Part of the compound 'kasmiṃścit'.

चित् (cit) - (makes 'kasmin' indefinite) (indeed, even, a particle making pronouns indefinite)

(indeclinable)

Note: Always appears with pronouns like kim to form 'something', 'someone', 'some'.

तु (tu) - now, indeed (introducing a new phase) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

गते (gate) - when it had passed (gone, passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, a period of time (in time, in due course, at a particular time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'gate'.

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dyumatsena) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'ādadhe'.

नियतव्रतः (niyatavrataḥ) - steadfast in his observances (one who has taken a firm vow, steadfast in observances)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatavrata

niyatavrata - firm in vows, steadfast in religious observances

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+vrata)

• niyata – fixed, regulated, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of ni-√yam (to restrain, fix)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the king.

ज्येष्ठायाम् (jyeṣṭhāyām) - in his eldest (in the eldest, in the chief)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of jyeṣṭhā

jyeṣṭhā - eldest, chief, principal

Superlative of pra- (forward)

धर्मचारिण्याम् (dharmacāriṇyām) - in his virtuous (queen) (in the one who practices dharma, virtuous, righteous)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of dharmacāriṇī

dharmacāriṇī - practicing natural law (dharma), virtuous, righteous

Feminine form of dharmacārin, a compound of dharma and cārin (doer/follower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, to support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, going, practicing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √car (to move, to perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mahiṣyām'.

महिष्याम् (mahiṣyām) - in his chief queen (in the chief queen)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahiṣī

mahiṣī - chief queen, empress, a female buffalo

Note: Indicates the location where the embryo was placed.

गर्भम् (garbham) - an embryo (embryo, fetus, womb, interior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - womb, embryo, fetus, interior

Note: Object of 'ādadhe'.

आदधे (ādadhe) - caused conception, impregnated (placed, deposited, took, received, conceived, bore)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of ādhā

Perfect Middle

Root √dhā (3rd class), Perfect 3rd singular middle voice, with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)