महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-277, verse-35

अप्रदाता पिता वाच्यो वाच्यश्चानुपयन्पतिः ।
मृते भर्तरि पुत्रश्च वाच्यो मातुररक्षिता ॥३५॥

35. apradātā pitā vācyo vācyaścānupayanpatiḥ ,
mṛte bhartari putraśca vācyo māturarakṣitā.

35. apradātā pitā vācyaḥ vācyaḥ ca anupayan patiḥ
mṛte bhartari putraḥ ca vācyaḥ mātuḥ arakṣitā

35. A father who does not provide is to be condemned. A husband who does not support (his wife) is also to be condemned. And a son who does not protect his mother after his father has died is (likewise) to be condemned.

35. אב שאינו משיא את בתו ראוי לגנאי, ובעל שאינו בא אל אשתו ראוי לגנאי, ובן שאינו מגן על אמו אחרי מות בעלה ראוי לגנאי.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रदाता (apradātā) - not giving, not providing, one who does not give

• पिता (pitā) - father

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुपयन् (anupayan) - not approaching, not supporting, not maintaining

• पतिः (patiḥ) - husband, lord, master

• मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

• भर्तरि (bhartari) - in the husband, upon the husband

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• च (ca) - and, also

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

• अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - one who does not protect, not protecting

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रदाता (apradātā) - not giving, not providing, one who does not give

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apradātṛ

apradātṛ - one who does not give, a non-giver, one who does not provide

Derived from pra-dā (to give) with tṛ agent suffix, negated by a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pradātṛ)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pradātṛ – giver, provider
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from pra-dā with tṛ-suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be censured, blameable

Gerundive

From root vac (to speak) + suffix ṇyat

Root: vac (class 2)

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be censured, blameable

Gerundive

From root vac (to speak) + suffix ṇyat

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुपयन् (anupayan) - not approaching, not supporting, not maintaining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupāyat

anupāyat - not going after, not following, not obtaining, not supporting

Present Active Participle

From anu-upa-i (to go after, to approach, to obtain, to support) + śatṛ (active present participle suffix), negated by a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+anupayat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• anupayat – following, obtaining, supporting
  verbal adjective (participle) (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root i with upasargas anu and upa
  Prefixes: anu+upa
  Root: i (class 2)

पतिः (patiḥ) - husband, lord, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die) + suffix kta

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Part of Locative Absolute construction.

भर्तरि (bhartari) - in the husband, upon the husband

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, husband, master

Agent noun

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix tṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Part of Locative Absolute construction.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - censurable, blameable, to be spoken, to be said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be censured, blameable

Gerundive

From root vac (to speak) + suffix ṇyat

Root: vac (class 2)

मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - one who does not protect, not protecting

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣitṛ

arakṣitṛ - one who does not protect, a non-protector

Derived from rakṣ (to protect) with tṛ agent suffix, negated by a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣitṛ)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• rakṣitṛ – protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from rakṣ with tṛ-suffix
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

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