महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
व्रीहिद्रोणः परित्यक्तः कथं तेन महात्मना ।
कस्मै दत्तश्च भगवन्विधिना केन चात्थ मे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
vrīhidroṇaḥ parityaktaḥ kathaṁ tena mahātmanā ,
kasmai dattaśca bhagavanvidhinā kena cāttha me.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vrīhidroṇaḥ parityaktaḥ katham tena
mahātmanā kasmai dattaḥ ca bhagavan vidhinā kena ca āttha me

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O venerable one, how was that drona of rice (vrīhi) renounced by that great soul (ātman)? And to whom was it given, and by what method (vidhinā) do you tell me this?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• व्रीहिद्रोणः (vrīhidroṇaḥ) - a drona (measure) of rice

• परित्यक्तः (parityaktaḥ) - renounced, abandoned, given up

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• तेन (tena) - by that, by him

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Mudgala, the great soul (ātman) (by the great soul, by the magnanimous one)

• कस्मै (kasmai) - to whom, to what

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, presented, granted

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressed to Vyāsa. (O venerable one, O glorious one, O Lord)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by method, by rule, by injunction, by fate

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you tell

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his unwavering adherence to dharma)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

व्रीहिद्रोणः (vrīhidroṇaḥ) - a drona (measure) of rice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vrihi-droṇa

vrihi-droṇa - a drona of rice, a specific measure of grain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vrihi+droṇa)

• vrihi – rice, paddy, any kind of grain, a measure
  noun (masculine)
• droṇa – a measure of grain (equal to 4 āḍhakas or about 32 seers), a wooden vessel, a bucket, a cloud
  noun (masculine)

परित्यक्तः (parityaktaḥ) - renounced, abandoned, given up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parityakta

parityakta - renounced, abandoned, given up, left, forsaken

Past Passive Participle

formed from root tyaj with prefix pari and suffix -ta

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that, by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Masculine form "tena" used with "mahātmanā".

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Mudgala, the great soul (ātman) (by the great soul, by the magnanimous one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, magnanimous, noble, high-minded, the Supreme Being

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, extensive, noble
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, ego, essence, nature, body, mind, intellect
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Mudgala.

कस्मै (kasmai) - to whom, to what

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why, how, what kind of

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given, presented, granted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented, bestowed, appointed, committed

Past Passive Participle

formed from root dā with suffix -ta

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressed to Vyāsa. (O venerable one, O glorious one, O Lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, glorious, divine, fortunate, prosperous, Lord, God, blessed one

विधिना (vidhinā) - by method, by rule, by injunction, by fate

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - method, rule, ordinance, injunction, manner, destiny, fate, the creator (Brahmā)

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why, how, what kind of

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (liṭ (used as laṭ)) of ah

Perfect Active (used as Present)

2nd person singular, from root `vac` also

Root: ah (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be genitive. In this context, "tell to me".