महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-5

सपुत्रदारो हि मुनिः पक्षाहारो बभूव सः ।
कपोतवृत्त्या पक्षेण व्रीहिद्रोणमुपार्जयत् ॥५॥

5. saputradāro hi muniḥ pakṣāhāro babhūva saḥ ,
kapotavṛttyā pakṣeṇa vrīhidroṇamupārjayat.

5. saputradāraḥ hi muniḥ pakṣāhāraḥ babhūva saḥ
kapotavṛttyā pakṣeṇa vrīhidroṇam upārjayat

5. Indeed, that sage (muni), along with his son and wife, subsisted on food gathered like a bird. By following the pigeon's way of life (kapotavṛttyā), he accumulated a droṇa of paddy grain by grain.

Words meanings summery:

• सपुत्रदारः (saputradāraḥ) - with son and wife

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, contemplative person

• पक्षाहारः (pakṣāhāraḥ) - subsisted on food gathered like a bird (food for birds, food obtained by wings (like a bird), subsisting on grain collected like a bird)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कपोतवृत्त्या (kapotavṛttyā) - by the way/manner of a pigeon

• पक्षेण (pakṣeṇa) - grain by grain, little by little (by a wing, by a side, by a part, by a bit)

• व्रीहिद्रोणम् (vrīhidroṇam) - a droṇa (measure) of rice/paddy

• उपार्जयत् (upārjayat) - he acquired, accumulated, earned

Words meanings and morphology

सपुत्रदारः (saputradāraḥ) - with son and wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saputradāra

saputradāra - accompanied by son and wife

Bahuvrihi compound. sa (with) + putra (son) + dāra (wife)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+putra+dāra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife, wives (though often used in singular sense in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies muniḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, contemplative person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, wise person

पक्षाहारः (pakṣāhāraḥ) - subsisted on food gathered like a bird (food for birds, food obtained by wings (like a bird), subsisting on grain collected like a bird)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣāhāra

pakṣāhāra - food of birds; one who subsists like a bird

Bahuvrihi compound: pakṣa (wing/bird) + āhāra (food/eating).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pakṣa+āhāra)

• pakṣa – wing, feather, side, party, half (of a lunar month)
  noun (masculine)
• āhāra – food, eating, sustenance
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + √hṛ (to seize, to carry)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies muniḥ and saḥ.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect form of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of tad.

कपोतवृत्त्या (kapotavṛttyā) - by the way/manner of a pigeon

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kapotavṛtti

kapotavṛtti - pigeon's way of life, manner of a pigeon

Tatpurusha compound: kapota (pigeon) + vṛtti (way of life).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapota+vṛtti)

• kapota – pigeon, dove
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – way of life, conduct, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛt
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

पक्षेण (pakṣeṇa) - grain by grain, little by little (by a wing, by a side, by a part, by a bit)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pakṣa

pakṣa - wing, side, party, part, half (of a lunar month)

व्रीहिद्रोणम् (vrīhidroṇam) - a droṇa (measure) of rice/paddy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrīhidroṇa

vrīhidroṇa - a droṇa-measure of paddy/rice

Tatpurusha compound: vrīhi (paddy) + droṇa (measure).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrīhi+droṇa)

• vrīhi – paddy, rice (unhusked)
  noun (masculine)
• droṇa – a measure of grain (about 32 seers), a bucket, a large vessel
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb upārjayat.

उपार्जयत् (upārjayat) - he acquired, accumulated, earned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-ā-ṛj

Imperfect tense (laṅ)

upa + ā + root √ṛj (to go, to gain). In causative sense.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ṛj (class 1)