महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-15

प्रादात्स तपसोपात्तं क्षुधितायातिथिव्रती ।
उन्मत्ताय परां श्रद्धामास्थाय स धृतव्रतः ॥१५॥

15. prādātsa tapasopāttaṁ kṣudhitāyātithivratī ,
unmattāya parāṁ śraddhāmāsthāya sa dhṛtavrataḥ.

15. prādāt saḥ tapasā upāttaṃ kṣudhitāya ātithivratī
unmattāya parāṃ śraddhāṃ āsthāya saḥ dhṛtavrataḥ

15. He, Mudgala, the observer of the vow of hospitality (ātithivratī), having firmly established supreme reverence (śraddhā), gave to the hungry, 'mad' guest that which he had acquired through his spiritual austerities (tapas). He was truly steadfast in his vows (dhṛtavrataḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he offered

• सः (saḥ) - Mudgala (he)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by means of spiritual austerities, by penance

• उपात्तं (upāttaṁ) - food acquired through tapas (acquired, obtained, gained)

• क्षुधिताय (kṣudhitāya) - to the approaching sage, who was requesting food (to the hungry one)

• आतिथिव्रती (ātithivratī) - Mudgala, characterized by his adherence to hospitality (one whose vow is hospitality, observer of guest-duty)

• उन्मत्ताय (unmattāya) - to the approaching sage, who was acting as if mad (to the mad one, to the insane one)

• परां (parāṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost, great

• श्रद्धां (śraddhāṁ) - faith, trust, reverence, confidence

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having recourse to, having placed, having firmly established

• सः (saḥ) - Mudgala (he)

• धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - Mudgala, who was firm in his observances (one who has taken a vow, steadfast in vows)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he offered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of pradā

Aorist Tense

Root 'dā' (class 3) + 'pra' prefix in aorist tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - Mudgala (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तपसा (tapasā) - by means of spiritual austerities, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - spiritual austerities, penance, heat, ascetic devotion

From root 'tap' (to heat, burn)

Root: tap (class 1)

उपात्तं (upāttaṁ) - food acquired through tapas (acquired, obtained, gained)

(verbal derivative)

क्षुधिताय (kṣudhitāya) - to the approaching sage, who was requesting food (to the hungry one)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Root 'kṣudh' (to be hungry) + 'ita' suffix

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

आतिथिव्रती (ātithivratī) - Mudgala, characterized by his adherence to hospitality (one whose vow is hospitality, observer of guest-duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātithivratin

ātithivratin - one who observes the vow of hospitality, performer of guest-duty

Compound of 'ātithi' (guest) and 'vratin' (one who has a vow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātithi+vratin)

• ātithi – guest, visitor
  noun (masculine)
• vratin – one who has a vow, ascetic, observer of sacred vows
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vrata' (vow) + 'in' suffix

उन्मत्ताय (unmattāya) - to the approaching sage, who was acting as if mad (to the mad one, to the insane one)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, intoxicated, frantic

Past Passive Participle

Root 'mad' (to be intoxicated) + 'ut' prefix + 'kta' suffix

Prefix: ut

Root: mad (class 4)

परां (parāṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost, great

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parā

para - supreme, highest, utmost, other, distant

श्रद्धां (śraddhāṁ) - faith, trust, reverence, confidence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śraddhā

śraddhā - faith, trust, confidence, reverence, belief

From 'śrad' + root 'dhā' (to place, put)

Root: dhā (class 3)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having recourse to, having placed, having firmly established

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'sthā' (to stand) + 'ā' prefix + 'lyap' suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Mudgala (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - Mudgala, who was firm in his observances (one who has taken a vow, steadfast in vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - one who has taken a vow, steadfast in vows or observances

Compound of 'dhṛta' (held) and 'vrata' (vow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, maintained, taken, firm
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) + 'kta' suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)