महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-9

व्रीहिद्रोणस्य तदहो ददतोऽन्नं महात्मनः ।
शिष्टं मात्सर्यहीनस्य वर्धत्यतिथिदर्शनात् ॥९॥

9. vrīhidroṇasya tadaho dadato'nnaṁ mahātmanaḥ ,
śiṣṭaṁ mātsaryahīnasya vardhatyatithidarśanāt.

9. vrīhidroṇasya tat ahaḥ dadataḥ annam mahātmanaḥ
śiṣṭam mātsaryahīnasya vardhati atithidarśanāt

9. Indeed, the remaining portion of that food, from a `droṇa` of rice given by that great-souled one (mahātman) who was devoid of selfishness, would increase merely from the sight of guests.

Words meanings summery:

• व्रीहिद्रोणस्य (vrīhidroṇasya) - of a droṇa of rice

• तत् (tat) - that

• अहः (ahaḥ) - oh!, indeed

• ददतः (dadataḥ) - of one giving

• अन्नम् (annam) - food

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (mahātman)

• शिष्टम् (śiṣṭam) - the remainder, what is left

• मात्सर्यहीनस्य (mātsaryahīnasya) - of one devoid of envy/selfishness

• वर्धति (vardhati) - increases, grows

• अतिथिदर्शनात् (atithidarśanāt) - from the sight of guests

Words meanings and morphology

व्रीहिद्रोणस्य (vrīhidroṇasya) - of a droṇa of rice

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vrīhidroṇa

vrīhidroṇa - a droṇa (measure) of rice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vrīhi+droṇa)

• vrīhi – rice, paddy
  noun (masculine)
• droṇa – a measure of grain (approx. 32 seers or 256 palas)
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहः (ahaḥ) - oh!, indeed

(indeclinable)

ददतः (dadataḥ) - of one giving

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dat

dat - giving, bestowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, rice

Root: ad (class 2)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (mahātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted self

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)

शिष्टम् (śiṣṭam) - the remainder, what is left

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left over, residue

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śiṣ (to leave, to remain)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

मात्सर्यहीनस्य (mātsaryahīnasya) - of one devoid of envy/selfishness

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mātsaryahīna

mātsaryahīna - devoid of envy, free from selfishness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mātsarya+hīna)

• mātsarya – envy, jealousy, selfishness
  noun (neuter)
• hīna – devoid of, lacking, abandoned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hā (to abandon)
  Root: hā (class 3)

वर्धति (vardhati) - increases, grows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अतिथिदर्शनात् (atithidarśanāt) - from the sight of guests

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of atithidarśana

atithidarśana - sight of guests, seeing guests

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (atithi+darśana)

• atithi – guest, stranger
  noun (masculine)
• darśana – seeing, sight, vision, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)