महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-25

आहारप्रभवाः प्राणा मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् ।
मनसश्चेन्द्रियाणां चाप्यैकाग्र्यं निश्चितं तपः ॥२५॥

25. āhāraprabhavāḥ prāṇā mano durnigrahaṁ calam ,
manasaścendriyāṇāṁ cāpyaikāgryaṁ niścitaṁ tapaḥ.

25. āhāraprabhavāḥ prāṇāḥ manaḥ durnigraham calam
manasaḥ ca indriyāṇām ca api aikāgryam niścitam tapaḥ

25. Life-breaths (prāṇa) are produced by food. The mind is unsteady and difficult to restrain. Moreover, the one-pointed concentration of both the mind and the senses is a definite spiritual discipline (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• आहारप्रभवाः (āhāraprabhavāḥ) - originating from food, produced by food

• प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - life-breaths, vital airs, life force

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, internal organ

• दुर्निग्रहम् (durnigraham) - difficult to restrain/control

• चलम् (calam) - unsteady, fickle, moving

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind

• च (ca) - and, also

• इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• ऐकाग्र्यम् (aikāgryam) - one-pointedness, concentration

• निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, definite, resolved

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline, austerity, penance

Words meanings and morphology

आहारप्रभवाः (āhāraprabhavāḥ) - originating from food, produced by food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āhāraprabhava

āhāraprabhava - originating from food, produced by food

Compound type : tatpurusha (āhāra+prabhava)

• āhāra – food, eating, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• prabhava – origin, source, production, originating from
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhū with upasarga pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `prāṇāḥ`.

प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - life-breaths, vital airs, life force

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life force, spirit

From root `an` (to breathe) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, internal organ

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, inner sense, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

दुर्निग्रहम् (durnigraham) - difficult to restrain/control

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durnigraha

durnigraha - difficult to hold back, hard to restrain or control

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Derived from `dur` (difficult) + `ni` + `graha` (to seize/hold).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (dur+nigraha)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• nigraha – restraint, control, subduing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah with upasarga ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `manaḥ`.

चलम् (calam) - unsteady, fickle, moving

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cala

cala - moving, unsteady, fickle, transient

From root `cal` (to move).

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `manaḥ`.

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, inner sense, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Used with `ca` and `aikāgryam`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense, organ of sense, faculty

Related to `indra`.

Note: Used with `ca` and `aikāgryam`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `aikāgryam`.

ऐकाग्र्यम् (aikāgryam) - one-pointedness, concentration

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekāgrya

ekāgrya - one-pointedness, concentration, undivided attention

Derived from `eka` (one) + `agra` (point/tip)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+agra)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral
• agra – tip, point, front, foremost
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the third clause.

निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, definite, resolved

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niścita

niścita - certain, decided, resolved, sure

Past Passive Participle

From root `ci` (to gather, observe) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective.

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline, austerity, penance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, spiritual fervor, austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

From root `tap` (to heat, burn).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.