महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-24

क्षुद्धर्मसंज्ञां प्रणुदत्यादत्ते धैर्यमेव च ।
विषयानुसारिणी जिह्वा कर्षत्येव रसान्प्रति ॥२४॥

24. kṣuddharmasaṁjñāṁ praṇudatyādatte dhairyameva ca ,
viṣayānusāriṇī jihvā karṣatyeva rasānprati.

24. kṣut dharmasaṃjñām praṇudati ādatte dhairyam eva
ca viṣayānusāriṇī jihvā karṣati eva rasān prati

24. Hunger drives away the awareness of one's duty (dharma) and also takes away one's fortitude. The tongue, constantly pursuing sense objects, indeed pulls one towards various tastes.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुत् (kṣut) - hunger, appetite

• धर्मसंज्ञाम् (dharmasaṁjñām) - the notion/consciousness/awareness of duty/righteousness

• प्रणुदति (praṇudati) - drives away, removes, dispels

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes, seizes, takes away

• धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude, patience

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• च (ca) - and, also

• विषयानुसारिणी (viṣayānusāriṇī) - following sense objects, pursuing sense objects

• जिह्वा (jihvā) - tongue

• कर्षति (karṣati) - pulls, draws, attracts

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• रसान् (rasān) - tastes, essences, flavors

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुत् (kṣut) - hunger, appetite

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite, thirst

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

धर्मसंज्ञाम् (dharmasaṁjñām) - the notion/consciousness/awareness of duty/righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmasaṃjñā

dharmasaṁjñā - consciousness/notion of dharma (duty/natural law)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+saṃjñā)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• saṃjñā – knowledge, consciousness, notion, concept, technical term
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रणुदति (praṇudati) - drives away, removes, dispels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of praṇud

Present active indicative

From root `nud` with prefix `pra`

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes, seizes, takes away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (lat) of ādad

Present middle indicative

From root `dā` (to give) with prefix `ā` (to take)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude, patience

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - courage, fortitude, patience, firmness

Derived from `dhīra` (steady, firm)

Root: dhṛ

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विषयानुसारिणी (viṣayānusāriṇī) - following sense objects, pursuing sense objects

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣayānusārin

viṣayānusārin - following sense objects, pursuing objects of senses

Present active participle

From root `sṛ` (to move/follow) with prefix `anu`, combined with `viṣaya`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (viṣaya+anusārin)

• viṣaya – object, sense object, domain, sphere
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṣiñj (class 7)
• anusārin – following, pursuing, conforming to
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle
  Derived from root sṛ with upasarga anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `jihvā`.

जिह्वा (jihvā) - tongue

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue

Note: Subject of the second clause.

कर्षति (karṣati) - pulls, draws, attracts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of karṣ

Present active indicative

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

रसान् (rasān) - tastes, essences, flavors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion, sentiment

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Object of `karṣati`.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix