महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-246, verse-34

के गुणास्तत्र वसतां किं तपः कश्च निश्चयः ।
स्वर्गे स्वर्गसुखं किं च दोषो वा देवदूतक ॥३४॥

34. ke guṇāstatra vasatāṁ kiṁ tapaḥ kaśca niścayaḥ ,
svarge svargasukhaṁ kiṁ ca doṣo vā devadūtaka.

34. ke guṇāḥ tatra vasatām kim tapaḥ kaḥ ca niścayaḥ
svarge svargasukham kim ca doṣaḥ vā devadūtaka

34. "What are the qualities of those dwelling there? What kind of austerity (tapas) do they practice, and what is their resolve? Also, what constitutes heavenly happiness, and what are its drawbacks, O divine messenger?"

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - what, which

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues

• तत्र (tatra) - in heaven (there, in that place)

• वसताम् (vasatām) - of those dwelling, of the residents

• किम् (kim) - what

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

• कः (kaḥ) - what, who

• च (ca) - and, also

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination, resolve

• स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

• स्वर्गसुखम् (svargasukham) - heavenly happiness

• किम् (kim) - what

• च (ca) - and, also

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, drawback

• वा (vā) - or

• देवदूतक (devadūtaka) - O divine messenger

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Agreement with 'guṇāḥ'.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, virtues

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'are'.

तत्र (tatra) - in heaven (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'tad' used as an adverb

Note: Refers to heaven.

वसताम् (vasatām) - of those dwelling, of the residents

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing, living

Present Active Participle

Genitive plural of 'vasat', from root vas

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Acts as a nominal, meaning 'of those who dwell'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Questioning 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implicit 'is'.

कः (kaḥ) - what, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Questioning 'niścayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects questions.

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination, resolve

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, conviction, determination, resolve

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Subject of an implicit 'is'.

स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise

Root: svṛj

स्वर्गसुखम् (svargasukham) - heavenly happiness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svargasukha

svargasukha - heavenly happiness, joy of heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+sukha)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛj
• sukha – happiness, joy, ease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of an implicit 'is'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Questioning 'svargasukham'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects questions.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, drawback

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, blemish, error

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of an implicit 'is'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

देवदूतक (devadūtaka) - O divine messenger

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devadūtaka

devadūtaka - divine messenger

Diminutive or affectionate form of devadūta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dūtaka)

• deva – a god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• dūtaka – messenger, envoy (diminutive)
  noun (masculine)
  Formed from dūta + suffix -ka
  Root: dū