महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-110, verse-9

लोमपादश्च राजर्षिर्यदाश्रूयत धार्मिकः ।
कथं वै विषये तस्य नावर्षत्पाकशासनः ॥९॥

9. lomapādaśca rājarṣiryadāśrūyata dhārmikaḥ ,
kathaṁ vai viṣaye tasya nāvarṣatpākaśāsanaḥ.

9. lomapādaḥ ca rājarṣiḥ yadā aśrūyata dhārmikaḥ
kathaṃ vai viṣaye tasya na avarṣat pākaśāsanaḥ

9. When King Lomapāda, a royal sage, was known to be righteous and devoted to natural law (dharma), why then did Indra not shower rain upon his kingdom?

Words meanings summery:

• लोमपादः (lomapādaḥ) - King Lomapāda (Lomapāda)

• च (ca) - and

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रूयत (aśrūyata) - was known to be (was heard, was known)

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (righteous, virtuous, upholding natural law)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - why (how, why)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• विषये (viṣaye) - in his kingdom (in the region, in the country, in the kingdom)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Lomapāda) (his, its)

• न (na) - not

• अवर्षत् (avarṣat) - did rain (in the negative, 'did not rain') (rained)

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka, Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमपादः (lomapādaḥ) - King Lomapāda (Lomapāda)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomapāda

lomapāda - Name of a king

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king-sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time

अश्रूयत (aśrūyata) - was known to be (was heard, was known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of śru

Imperfect tense, middle voice

Root √śru, 3rd person singular, imperfect, middle voice. Augment 'a' prefixed.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Passive sense from middle voice.

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (righteous, virtuous, upholding natural law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, relating to natural law (dharma)

Derived from dharma + ṭhak suffix

Note: Qualifies 'lomapādaḥ' / 'rājarṣiḥ'

कथं (kathaṁ) - why (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphasizing particle

विषये (viṣaye) - in his kingdom (in the region, in the country, in the kingdom)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - region, country, kingdom, domain, object of sense

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Lomapāda) (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अवर्षत् (avarṣat) - did rain (in the negative, 'did not rain') (rained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛṣ

Imperfect tense, active voice

Root √vṛṣ, 3rd person singular, imperfect, active voice. Augment 'a' prefixed.

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - chastiser of Pāka (an Asura), epithet of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – a demon, Pāka (proper name)
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – chastising, punishing, ruling
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √śās (to rule, to punish)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'avarṣat'