महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-110, verse-23

कथं प्रवर्षेत्पर्जन्य उपायः परिदृश्यताम् ।
तमूचुश्चोदितास्तेन स्वमतानि मनीषिणः ॥२३॥

23. kathaṁ pravarṣetparjanya upāyaḥ paridṛśyatām ,
tamūcuścoditāstena svamatāni manīṣiṇaḥ.

23. kathaṃ pravarṣet parjanyaḥ upāyaḥ paridṛśyatām
tam ūcuḥ coditāḥ tena svamatāni manīṣiṇaḥ

23. "How can rain fall? Let a method (upāya) be discovered." Urged by him, those wise ones (manīṣiṇaḥ) then spoke their own opinions to him.

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

• प्रवर्षेत् (pravarṣet) - can rain fall (may it rain, should it rain)

• पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain (as an agent or phenomenon) (the rain god, rain cloud, rain)

• उपायः (upāyaḥ) - a method (means, method, expedient)

• परिदृश्यताम् (paridṛśyatām) - let it be discovered (let it be seen, let it be perceived, let it be found out)

• तम् (tam) - to him (the king) (him, that)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - prompted (by the king) (urged, prompted, impelled)

• तेन (tena) - by him (the king) (by him, by that)

• स्वमतानि (svamatāni) - their own opinions (their own opinions, their own thoughts)

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - those wise ones (wise ones, intelligent people, sages)

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

प्रवर्षेत् (pravarṣet) - can rain fall (may it rain, should it rain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vṛṣ

optative mood

optative, 3rd person singular active, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain (as an agent or phenomenon) (the rain god, rain cloud, rain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parjanya

parjanya - rain god (Indra, or a deity of rain), rain, rain cloud

Note: The absence of visarga in Devanagari might be metrical or stylistic, but grammatically it should be nominative singular.

उपायः (upāyaḥ) - a method (means, method, expedient)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, method, expedient, approach, remedy

from upa + i

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

परिदृश्यताम् (paridṛśyatām) - let it be discovered (let it be seen, let it be perceived, let it be found out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of dṛś

imperative mood

imperative, 3rd person singular passive, with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - to him (the king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

perfect, 3rd person plural active

Root: vac (class 2)

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - prompted (by the king) (urged, prompted, impelled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, prompted, impelled, directed

Past Passive Participle

from root cud

Root: cud (class 6)

Note: Qualifies manīṣiṇaḥ.

तेन (tena) - by him (the king) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्वमतानि (svamatāni) - their own opinions (their own opinions, their own thoughts)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of svamata

svamata - one's own opinion, own view

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+mata)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• mata – opinion, thought, belief, view
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root man
  Root: man (class 4)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - those wise ones (wise ones, intelligent people, sages)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - intelligent, wise, discerning, a sage

from manīṣā (intellect)

Root: man (class 4)